8/24 Maternal Newborn Nursing Lecture Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering maternal newborn nursing concepts, ethical viability thresholds, professional organizations, fetal membrane structures, umbilical blood vessel arrangement, fetal circulatory shunts, and developmental stages based on the lecture transcript.

Viability

The point in pregnancy (around $23$ to $24\,\text{weeks}$ gestation or about $500\,\text{grams}$) when a fetus can survive outside the womb.

Neonatologist

A physician who specializes in the care of neonates or newborns.

Nurse-Midwife

A nurse with a master's degree who is qualified to manage pregnancy and labor for uncomplicated patients.

Family Centered Care

A care model in maternal newborn nursing that provides care for the pregnant person, fetus, and family while fostering family unity and maintaining physical safety.

Labor Delivery Room and Recovery Room (LDR)

A hospital room setting where a patient labors, delivers, and recovers in the same room.

Cyanotic

The medical term describing a blue skin tone in a patient or newborn, indicating a lack of perfusion or oxygenation.

En Face Position

A position where the parent holds the baby turned inward with direct eye-to-eye contact, indicating maternal-infant bonding and interest.

AWHONN

Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses; a professional organization that sets standards of care in perinatal nursing.

ACOG

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; a professional organization setting standards of care for maternal-fetal practice.

AAP

American Academy of Pediatrics; a professional organization setting standards for the care of newborns and pediatric patients.

Ampullar Region

The outer third of the fallopian tube where fertilization primarily takes place.

Implantation

The process where the fertilized ovum embeds into the endometrial layer of the upper posterior uterine wall, occurring about $5$ to $6\,\text{days}$ after fertilization.

Trophoblasts

The outer layer of cells surrounding the blastocyst cavity in a zygote that develop into the chorion and part of the placenta, and secrete human chorionic gonadotropin ($\text{hCG}$).

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

A hormone secreted by trophoblastic cells that serves as the basis for early pregnancy tests and is detectable in maternal blood shortly after implantation.

Term Fetus

A fetus at $38$ to $42\,\text{weeks}$ gestation.

Amnion

The inner fetal membrane of the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus.

Chorion

The outer fetal membrane of the amniotic sac.

Uterine Fundus

The top portion of the uterus where normal placenta implantation ideally occurs.

Cervix

The lower narrow portion of the uterus, which measures $3$ to $5\,\text{cm}$ long during pregnancy and contains a protective mucus plug.

Teratogen

Any environmental substance (such as certain medications, alcohol, illicit drugs, or mercury) that can cause physical defects in a developing embryo or fetus.

Umbilical Cord Blood Vessels (AVA)

The vessel arrangement inside the umbilical cord consisting of two arteries (carrying deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta) and one vein (carrying oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus).

Oligohydramnios

An abnormally low volume of amniotic fluid, defined as less than $50\%$ of the expected amount.

Hydramnios

An excessive volume of amniotic fluid, which may exceed $2000\,\text{mL}$ at term.

Wharton's Jelly

A clear substance located inside the umbilical cord that cushions the blood vessels against compression and keeps them open.

Ductus Venosus

A fetal vascular shunt that allows oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to bypass the liver and enter the inferior vena cava.

Foramen Ovale

An anatomical shunt/opening in the fetal heart allowing blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the uninflated lungs.

Ductus Arteriosus

A fetal vascular shunt connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the fetal lungs.

Pre-embryonic Period

The stage of development covering the first $5$ to $6\,\text{days}$ after conception, characterized by cell division and initial implantation.

Embryonic Period

The stage of development from implantation through the $8\text{th}\,\text{week}$ after conception, during which basic structures of all major body organs are formed.

Fetal Period

The stage of development from $8\,\text{weeks}$ after conception until birth, characterized by rapid growth and refinement of organ system structures.