Psychical Aging Chapter 2

Primary Aging

Inevitable, universal, and irreversible intrinsic biological aging processes.

Secondary Aging

Aging resulting from extrinsic factors such as disease, environmental factors, and behavior.

Tertiary Aging

Rapid loss of physical and cognitive functioning just before death.

Oxidative Damage

Cell damage caused by free radicals; increases with age as resistance and repair functions decline.

Hayflick Limit

The maximum number of times cells are programmed to divide for a given species.

Telomeres

Lengths of repeating DNA located at the tips of chromosomes, related to aging.

Caloric Restriction

A severely reduced calorie diet containing essential nutrients that slows aging in animal studies.

Presbyopia

Farsightedness caused by the lens becoming less flexible and cloudy with age.

Cataracts

An eye condition characterized by a clouded eye lens.

Glaucoma

An eye condition caused by high pressure in the eyeball that damages the optic nerve.

Presbycusis

Decreased sensitivity to high-frequency sounds associated with aging.

Osteoporosis

A decrease in bone mass and strength representing an exaggeration of normal bone loss.

Osteoarthritis

The most common form of arthritis, characterized by degenerative joint disease usually in knees, hips, and spine.

Arteriosclerosis

A condition where plaque accumulates on interior arterial walls, reducing blood flow.

Climacteric

The time of life involving reduction of sex hormone production and loss of reproductive ability.

Menopause

The cessation of a woman's menstrual periods, occurring 12 months after the final period.

Andropause

Aging male syndrome involving hormone reductions, sleep issues, memory problems, and depression.

Sleep Apnea

A sleep pathology involving pauses in breathing due to airway constriction.

Insomnia

The inability to have normal sleep patterns, which increases with age and affects more women than men.

Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

The inability for a man to have an erection adequate for satisfactory sexual performance.