Anatomy exam 1 continued

What is alkalemia?
a) Occurs when pH drops to 7.0-7.3
b) Occurs when pH rises to 7.5-7.8
c) Occurs when pH remains stable at 7.4
d) Occurs when blood glucose levels are too high

b

What does it mean for a membrane to be selectively permeable?
a) It allows all substances to pass through freely.
b) It primarily transports water molecules across the cell.
c) It regulates the entry and exit of substances, allows signal transduction, and consists mainly of lipids and proteins.
d) It only allows large protein molecules to enter the cell.

c

What are lysosomes?
a) Large sacs that store genetic material.
b) Small membranous sacs containing enzymes that digest waste and worn-out cell parts.
c) Structures involved in energy production for the cell.
d) Organelles responsible for synthesizing lipids.

b

What is a ribosome?
a) A lipid-based organelle that stores calcium.
b) Composed of DNA and protein, involved in cell replication.
c) Composed of RNA and protein, provides structural support and enzyme activity to link amino acids in protein synthesis.
d) A component of the cell nucleus that regulates gene expression.

c

What is mitochondria?
a) A network of membranes that synthesize proteins.
b) Membrane-bound, fluid-filled sacs that house chemical reactions to extract energy from nutrients, producing ATP (the "powerhouse of the cell").
c) Organelles that detoxify harmful substances in the cell.
d) Structures responsible for maintaining cell shape.

b

Which of the following describes organelles?
a) Components that only store genetic information.
b) Non-membrane-bound structures in the cytoplasm.
c) Specialized structures within a cell, such as vesicles (which store/transport substances) and the Golgi Apparatus (which refines, packages, and delivers proteins).
d) Only found in plant cells and responsible for photosynthesis.

c

What is facilitated diffusion?
a) Movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring ATP.
b) Diffusion across a cell membrane through membrane proteins (like ion channels or transporters) for substances not lipid-soluble, requiring no ATP.
c) The direct passage of small, lipid-soluble molecules through the cell membrane without assistance.
d) The process by which cells engulf large particles.

b

What is an isotonic solution?
a) A solution with a solute concentration lower than that inside the cell.
b) A solution with a solute concentration higher than that inside the cell.
c) A solution with a solute concentration equal to that inside the cell, often represented by 0.9% NaCl for human cells.
d) A solution that causes cells to swell and burst.

c