Expanding interactions - World History

Which of the Classical empires was the first to fail?

The Han Dynasty

What factors contributed to the failure of the Han Dynasty Empire?

Lots of internal struggles for power. High military costs to defend their empire. A small pox epidemic. A growing gap between the rich and poor.

How did Rome's system of choosing political leaders contribute to the downfall of the Roman Empire?

Political leaders had to have an army. They had to make promises to their soldiers that they sometimes couldn't keep.

Why did the Roman Empire divide into two?

Made it easier to govern such a big empire. The idea was that it would lead to peacful succesion of power. It had the opposite effect and lead to more assassinations and weird deaths.

What protected the Gupta Empire from the white Huns in the northwest?

Mountain rainges, and the persian empire army

What was the one simple reason for the fall of the Gupta Empire?

The persian empire failed, and the white huns invaded

who united central and western europe in a kingdom known as the Holy Roman Empire?

After fall of Roman Empire, Europe was in chaos. Charlemagne was going to conquer most of europe he was crowned by pope.

What did the empires of Africa have in common?

trade. they were really good at trade! traded gold

Which great civilizations arose in Mesoamerica?

1st Olmec, 2nd Maya, 3rd Aztecs

The Origins of the muslim emire lie in the teachings of which spiritual leader?

Muhammad

Who was the first caliph and what is a caliphate?

Abu bakr. The muslim state (muslim state = religious country)

What factors lead to the succes of Arab armies in conquering much of the middle east in north Africa?

Religious fervour. mastered use of cammels in desert warefare. Perssian Byzantine were getting weaker.

Identify the differences between the Shia, Sunni and Sufis?

Shia= Ali should be leader(caliph)Sunni= Dont care about Ali. They want whatever is good and are fine with Umayyad's and Abbassid's.Sufis= think that Sunni and shia thing is dumb. They focus on Alah and having a deep commitment to God

What was Dar al-Islam?

house of Islam (name of the islamic empire)

How did muslim rulers treat conquered peoples who were not muslim?

Pretty well. They were made to pay a tax to be a Christian, and some restrictions

Why did muslims have a positive attitude toward trade?

Muhammad was a merchant. Lived along an important trade route.

What were some characteristics of Muslim architexture?

Domes, prayer towers called minaret's, geometric shapes/designs/patterns

What advances did muslim scholars make?

Ppreserved Greek texts, algebra, medical texts

Who managed to unite the nomadic Mongol tribes into a powerful fighting force?

Genghis Khan

How did the mongols' skills help Genghis Khan conquer so much territory?

They were excellent at horsemanship and archery. They knew what they were doing.

What skills did Genghis Khan have that made him a successful conquerer?

Well organized army. Brilliant strategist. He was ruthless.

How did the size of the mongol empire compare to the muslim and Roman empires at their peak?

its the largest geographical empire in history

How did the mongols deal with different customs and traditions of conquered people?

they were tolerant. They often adopted their culture

What impact did the pax mongolica have on trade?

more peace. trade fourished. ideas spread

What effect did the bubonic plauge have on the mongol empire?

It contributed to it's collasp.

Why was it harder for the four Khanates to rule after the black death?

they had less people. really hurt trade

what areas of the world did the silk road connect?

asia, africa, and the mediterranian

what people helped revive trade in Europe?

The vikings

Which trade network supplied two-thirds of the world's gold and supported the powerful kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai?

the trans-saharahn trade route

what effect did exchange networks and growth of empires have on religion?

helped to spread. lead to some conflicts

Beginning in the 11th century, how did Christian and Muslim armies come into conflict?

the crusades. When Christians tried to take the holy land from the muslims

How did mathematical ideas travel through exchange networks?

Muslims used arabic numerals. It was practiced and effective for trade

How did the camel saddle effect life in afr-Eurasia?

It was useful for transport in the desert areas. had a great impact on overland travel and development of trade.

How did devastating diseases like the bubonic plague spread from one region to another?

trade routes

How did increased prosperity from trade and ag bring both benefits and harm to the world?

More People! had to have more farm land cultivated, and that lead to soil erosion and flooding