Muscle Practical Final Anatomy and Functions

Flashcards covering muscle anatomy, including origins, insertions, and actions of various muscles.

Sartorius

originates on the anterior superior iliac spine, inserts on the tibial tuberosity, and flexes and laterally rotates the thigh; flexes and medially rotates the leg.

Gracilis

originates on the inferior ramus and body of pubis, inserts on the medial tibia, and adducts and flexes the thigh; flexes the leg

Tensor fasciae latae

originates on the iliac crest, inserts on the iliotibial band, and abducts and medially rotates the thigh.

Gluteus medius

originates on the iliac crest, inserts on the greater trochanter of the femur, and abducts and medially rotates the thigh.

Gluteus maximus

originates on the iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx, inserts on the fascia lata and proximal femur, and extends and laterally rotates the thigh.

Semimembranosus

originates on the ischial tuberosity, inserts on the medial condyle of the tibia, and flexes the leg, extends the thigh, and medially rotates the leg

Semitendinosus

originates on the ischial tuberosity, inserts on the medial condyle of the tibia, and flexes the leg and extends the thigh.

Biceps femoris, short head

originates on the linea aspera of the femur, inserts on the head of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia, and flexes and laterally rotates the leg.

Vastus intermedius

originates on the femur, inserts on the tibial tuberosity, and extends the leg.

Vastus medialis

originates on the intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of the femur, inserts on the tibial tuberosity, and extends the leg.

Vastus lateralis

originates on the greater trochanter and linea aspera of the femur, inserts on the tibial tuberosity, and extends the leg

Rectus femoris

originates on the iliac spine, inserts on the tibial tuberosity, and flexes the thigh and extends the leg.

Soleus

originates on the proximal fibula and tibia, inserts on the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon, and plantar flexes the foot..

Gastrocnemius

originates on the condyles of the femur, inserts on the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon, and plantar flexes the foot and flexes the l.

Tibialis anterior

originates on the proximal tibia, inserts on the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal, and dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.

Flexor carpi radialis

originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, inserts on the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, and flexes the wrist and abducts the hand.

Serratus anterior

originates on the upper ribs, inserts on the medial border of the scapula, and rotates the scapula.

Pectoralis minor

originates on the upper ribs, inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula, and depresses the scapula.

Rhomboid minor

originates on the spinous processes of C7–T1, inserts on the medial border of the scapula superior to the spine, and adducts the scapula.

Rhomboid major

originates on the spines of thoracic vertebrae, inserts on the medial border of the scapula, and adducts the scapula.

Trapezius

originates on the occipital bone and spinous processes of C7–T12, inserts on the clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula, and elevates, superiorly rotates, retracts, and depresses the scapula.

Latissimus dorsi

originates on the spinous processes of T7–T12, ribs 8–12, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia, inserts on the intertubercular groove of the humerus, and adducts and medially rotates the humerus.

Pectoralis major

originates on the sternum and clavicle, inserts on the intertubercular groove of the humerus, and flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus.

Coracobrachialis

originates on the coracoid process of the scapula, inserts on the shaft of the humerus, and flexes and adducts the humerus.

Deltoid

originates on the acromion and spine of the scapula and clavicle, inserts on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus, and abducts, flexes, rotates, and extends the arm.

Teres minor

originates on the lateral border of the scapula, inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus, and adducts and laterally rotates the arm.

Infraspinatus

originates on the infraspinous fossa of the scapula, inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus, and adducts and laterally rotates the humerus.

Supraspinatus

originates on the supraspinous fossa of the scapula, inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus, and abducts the humerus.

Brachioradialis

originates on the supracondylar ridge of the humerus, inserts on the styloid process of the radius, and flexes the forearm.

Brachialis

originates on the shaft of the humerus, inserts on the tuberosity and coronoid process of the ulna, and flexes the forearm.

Biceps brachii, short head

originates on the coracoid process of the scapula, inserts on the radial tuberosity, and flexes and supinates the forearm.

Biceps brachii, long head

originates on the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, inserts on the radial tuberosity, and flexes the forearm and arm and supinates the forearm.

Triceps brachii, medial head

originates on the distal posterior humerus, inserts on the olecranon of the ulna, and extends the forearm.

Triceps brachii, lateral head

originates on the proximal posterior humerus, inserts on the olecranon of the ulna, and extends the forearm.

Triceps brachii, long head

originates on the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, inserts on the olecranon of the ulna, and extends the forearm and adducts the arm.

Flexor digitorum superficialis

originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna, inserts on the middle phalanges of digits 2–5, and flexes the wrist and fingers.

Pronator teres

originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, inserts on the shaft of the radius, and pronates the forearm.

Flexor carpi radialis

originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, inserts on the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, and flexes the wrist and abducts the hand.

Palmaris longus

originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, inserts on the palmar aponeurosis, and weakly flexes the wrist.

Flexor carpi ulnaris

originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and upper ulna, inserts on the pisiform, hamate, and 5th metacarpal, and flexes the wrist and adducts the hand

Extensor digitorum

originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, inserts on digits 2–5, and extends the fingers and wrist.

Extensor carpi ulnaris

originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and ulna, inserts on the 5th metacarpal, and extends the wrist and adducts the hand.

Buccinator

originates on the maxilla and mandible, inserts on the orbicularis oris, and retracts the angle of the mouth and aids in chewing.

Orbicularis oris

originates on the maxilla and mandible, inserts on the skin around the mouth, and protrudes (purses) the lips.

Zygomaticus minor

originates on the zygomatic bone, inserts on the skin of the superior lip, and elevates the corner of the mouth (smile).

Zygomaticus major

originates on the zygomatic bone, inserts on the corner of the mouth, and draws the angle of the mouth upward (smile).

Frontal belly of epicranius "frontalis"

originates on the frontal bone, inserts on the epicranial aponeurosis, and wrinkles the forehead and raises the eyebrows

Occipital belly of epicranius

originates on the occipital bone, inserts on the epicranial aponeurosis, and retracts the scalp.

Orbicularis oculi

originates on the frontal and maxillary bones, inserts on the eyelids, and closes the eye (blinking).

Temporalis

originates on the temporal fossa, inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible, and elevates the mandible.

Masseter

originates on the zygomatic arch, inserts on the mandible, and elevates the mandible.

Mylohyoid

originates on the mandible, inserts on the hyoid bone, and elevates the hyoid and floor of the mouth.

Thyrohyoid

originates on the thyroid cartilage, inserts on the hyoid bone, and depresses the hyoid bone and elevates the larynx.

Sternothyroid

originates on the manubrium, inserts on the thyroid cartilage, and depresses the larynx

Sternohyoid

originates on the manubrium and clavicle, inserts on the hyoid bone, and depresses the hyoid.

Omohyoid

originates on the scapula, inserts on the hyoid bone, and depresses the hyoid.

Sternocleidomastoid

originates on the manubrium and clavicle, inserts on the mastoid process, and rotates and flexes the head.

Erector spinae group (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis)

originates on the iliac crest, sacrum, and vertebrae, inserts on ribs, vertebrae, and mastoid process, and extends the head, neck, and vertebral column.

Internal intercostal

originates on the rib below, inserts on the rib above, and depresses the ribs during exhalation.

Diaphragm

originates on the inferior internal ribs 7–12, inserts on the central tendon, and expands the thoracic cavity.

Transversus abdominis

originates on the iliac crest and cartilage of the lower six ribs, inserts on the linea alba, and compresses the abdomen.

Internal abdominal oblique

originates on the iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia, inserts on the linea alba and lower four ribs, and compresses the abdomen and flexes and rotates the vertebral column.

External abdominal oblique

originates on the lower eight ribs, inserts on the linea alba and iliac crest, and compresses the abdomen and flexes and rotates the vertebral column.

Rectus abdominis

originates on the pubis, inserts on the cartilage of ribs 5–7 and the xiphoid process, and flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdomen.

Biceps femoris, long head

originates on the ischial tuberosity, inserts on the head of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia, and extends the thigh, flexes the leg, and laterally rotates the leg.