Ionic Charges and Chemical Formulas

Vocabulary flashcards covering ionic charges for main-group elements, transition metals, and common polyatomic ions based on lecture patterns.

Group 1 Ions

Possess a charge of $+1$; includes $Li^{+}$, $Na^{+}$, and $K^{+}$.

Group 2 Ions

Possess a charge of $+2$; includes $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Ba^{2+}$.

Group 13 Ions

Possess a charge of $+3$; includes $Al^{3+}$.

Group 15 Ions

Possess a charge of $-3$; includes $N^{3-}$ and $P^{3-}$.

Group 16 Ions

Possess a charge of $-2$; includes $O^{2}$ and $S^{2-}$.

Group 17 Ions

Possess a charge of $-1$; includes $F^{-}$, $Cl^{-}$, $Br^{-}$, and $I$.

Group 18 Elements

Possess a charge of $0$; noble gases generally do not form ions.

Iron (Transition Metal Charges)

$$Fe^{2+}/Fe^{3+}$$

Copper (Transition Metal Charges)

$$Cu/Cu^{2+}$$

Tin (Transition Metal Charges)

$$Sn^{2+}/Sn^{4+}$$

Lead (Transition Metal Charges)

$$Pb^{2+}/Pb^{4+}$$

Mercury (Transition Metal Charges)

$$Hg_{2}^{2+}/Hg^{2+}$$

Silver Ion

$Ag^{+}$, usually has one common charge.

Zinc Ion

$Zn^{2+}$, usually has one common charge.

Cadmium Ion

$Cd^{2+}$, usually has one common charge.

Scandium Ion

$Sc^{3+}$, usually has one common charge.

Ammonium

$$NH_{4}^{+}$$

Hydroxide

$$OH^{-}$$

Nitrate

$$NO_{3}^{-}$$

Nitrite

$$NO_{2}^{-}$$

Sulfate

$$SO_{4}^{2-}$$

Sulfite

$$SO_{3}^{2-}$$

Carbonate

$$CO_{3}^{2-}$$

Phosphate

$$PO_{4}^{3-}$$

Chlorate

$$ClO_{3}^{-}$$

Perchlorate

$$ClO_{4}^{-}$$

Acetate

$$C_{2}H_{3}O_{2}^{-}$$

Oxyanion Pattern: -ate

Indicates the ion has more oxygen atoms than the version ending in -ite.

Oxyanion Pattern: -ite

Indicates the ion has less oxygen atoms than the version ending in -ate.

Charge Trend

Charges go toward zero as you move toward the middle/right of the periodic table.