Solutions Quiz Study Guide

Substance

A form of matter with distinct properties that cannot be separated physically.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means.

Element

A substance containing only one type of atom.

Compound

A substance that consists of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together.

Homogeneous mixture

A mixture that is uniform in composition and properties throughout.

Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture that consists of visibly different substances or phases.

Colloid

A heterogeneous mixture with medium-sized particles that do not settle out over time.

Tyndall effect

The scattering of light by particles in a colloid.

Solvent

The component of a solution that dissolves the solute.

Solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Miscible

Refers to liquids that are soluble in each other.

Immiscible

Refers to liquids that do not mix together.

Hydration

The process of surrounding solute particles with solvent molecules.

Saturated solution

A solution that contains the maximum concentration of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.

Supersaturated solution

A solution that contains more solute than can theoretically dissolve at a given temperature.

Molarity (M)

A measure of concentration defined as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Molality (m)

A measure of concentration defined as moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Colligative properties

Properties that depend on the number of solute particles in a solution, not their identity.

Boiling-point elevation

The increase in boiling point of a solvent due to the addition of a solute.

Freezing-point depression

The decrease in freezing point of a solvent due to the addition of a solute.

Ion-dipole forces

Interactions between charged ions and polar molecules.

Hydrogen bonds

Strong attractions that occur when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative elements like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

Dipole-dipole forces

Attractive forces that occur between polar molecules.

London dispersion forces

Weak intermolecular forces arising from temporary shifts in electron clouds.

Intramolecular forces

Forces that hold the atoms together within a molecule.

Intermolecular forces

Forces that occur between molecules.