Module 1 Crime and justice

Criminology

The study of crime, influenced by sociology, psychological behaviors, exploring criminals' minds, and how law interacts with society.

Criminal Justice

The study of systems of law enforcement, influenced by procedures and policies that determine the fate of criminals, involving police, lawyers, courts, and corrections.

Crime Control Model

Focuses on stopping crime quickly and efficiently, aims to protect society from chaos, prioritizes fast investigations, and trusts police and prosecutors.

Due Process Model

Emphasizes protecting individuals' rights and ensuring fairness, prioritizes careful fact-checking over speed, and assumes mistakes can happen.

Core Areas of The Criminal Justice System

Includes Police (investigate the crime), Courts (prosecute and adjudicate cases), and Corrections (manage punishments after a guilty verdict).

Elements Required for Criminal Responsibility

Must have voluntary conduct causing harm and be evaluated under specifications like intention, recklessness, and knowledge.

Sentencing Goals

Objectives of sentencing including retribution (proportional punishment), restitution (compensation), deterrence (prevent future crimes), incapacitation (restrict access to victims), and rehabilitation (behavioral change).

Proportionality (Desert Theory)

Backward-oriented approach focusing on past crimes where the penalty reflects the seriousness of the crime.

Crime Prevention (Utilitarian)

Forward-oriented approach focusing on preventing future crimes through individual deterrence, general deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation.

Criminal Justice System (CJS)

A system of various agencies that work together legally, with discretion in decisions and diverse interpretations of justice.

Complicity in Criminal Responsibility

Refers to aiding, abetting, counseling, or procuring an offense, extending responsibility beyond direct perpetrators.

Corporate Criminal Responsibility

Modifications to traditional principles of criminal responsibility to acknowledge corporate culture and collective conduct.

Community Welfare Principle

Collective interests of society protected through imposed legal duties and responsibilities.

Private Security

Part of the private sector that collaborates with the criminal justice system in ensuring safety.

Restorative Justice

Aims for high satisfaction among participants, focusing on restoration rather than punishment.