Beta-Blocker Classes and Properties

Vocabulary flashcards covering the classes, defining features, and drug examples of beta-blockers.

First generation (non-selective)

Beta-blockers that block $\beta 1$ and $\beta 2$ equally. Examples include Propranolol, nadolol, timolol, and sotalol.

Second generation ($\beta 1$-selective)

Cardioselective beta-blockers whose selectivity is dose-dependent. Examples include Metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, and esmolol.

Third generation (vasodilating)

Beta-blockers with added \text{\textalpha}1 blockade (or added \text{\textalpha}1 blockade with nebivolol releasing nitric oxide). Examples include Carvedilol, labetalol, and nebivolol.

Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA)

A property of partial agonists that produces less resting bradycardia. Examples include Pindolol and acebutolol.

Membrane-stabilising activity

A property characterized by a local anaesthetic effect that is clinically minor. Examples include Propranolol and acebutolol.

Lipophilic vs hydrophilic

A property where CNS penetration determines central side effects. Examples: Propranolol, metoprolol (lipophilic) vs atenolol, nadolol (hydrophilic).