Chapter 10: adolescent

introduction

-Transition from childhood to adulthood

• Adolescence begins at puberty and lasts through age 18

• Tremendous physical growth, cognitive, emotional, and sexual maturation

• Emerging feelings of independence

• Relating more to peers than family

• Unintentional accidents, injuries ,and pregnancies

developmental theory

Adolescent period is marked by

- Rapid physical growth

- Intellectual curiosity

- Emergence of sexual drives

- Vacillating emotions

Eriskon's theory (adolescent)

-Stage of self-identity versus role confusion

- Navigation through self

-awareness and self-understanding

Jean Piaget's Theory (adolescent)

-Theory of cognitive development

- Formal operations

- Teen has achieved

• Deductive reasoning

• Propositional thought

• Higher processing of complex information

adolescent growth and development

-Rapid growth

• Use of national growth charts

• Milestones- Fine motor: manipulate complicated objects, high level of skill via video game or computer, improved hand-eye coordination/dexterity

- Gross motor: increased endurance, coordination ,speed

• Sleep needs

• Development of sex characteristics

communicating with teens

-establish rapport

-state has laws concerning provision of assessments, distribution of birth control, and treatment for STI

play and recreation needs of adolescent

1. Teen preferences: peer related play and recreation and independence from family

2. nursing care for teen: distraction, play, and recreation

health concerns for teen

1. Higher risk based on:

- Poor eating patterns

- African Americans/Hispanic

- High-risk behaviors and choices

- Growing, changing, and maturing bodies

2. unintentional injury:

-poor decisions

-motor vehicle crash

-homicide, suicide, violence

3. increased emotion:

-pronounced emotional state

-exaggerated responses

nutrition of adolescent

-Risk for nutritional deficiencies due to:

a. Rapid growth

b. Large appetites

c. Consumption of fast foods

• Eating disorders

- Binge-eating

- Bulimia nervosa

- Anorexia nervosa

anemia in adolescents

-Symptoms: fatigue, loss of energy, SOB, dizziness, leg cramps, insomnia

• Risk factors

- Iron-poor nutrition

- Heavy menses

- Chronic illnesses

acne

-teen hormones increase sebum production

1. Inflammatory:

• Papules

• Pustules

• Cysts

2. Non-inflammatory

• Open comedones (blackheads)

• Closed comedones (whiteheads)

alcohol and drug experimentation

Harmful drinking

- Risky behaviors

- Significant injuries

• Screening for substance abuse

mental health

-depression is contributing factor of disability, illness, and suicide

-conditions that negatively impact health:

Poor self-esteem

• Feeling devalued

•Bullying

• Poverty

• Humiliation

sexuality

-Sexuality/pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections

- Rate of teen pregnancy and childbirth declined

- Alcohol or drug involvement

- Sexual abuse

safety concerns of adolescent

1. Hospital or clinic:

-Allow independence

-Realistic choices

-Permission to go off floor with parent

-SW or CLS

2.Home:

-Medications

-Party/alcohol/drugs

-Curfews/limits/boundaries

-Swimming

-Car/driving

-Cleanliness

3. school: sports safety can clean equipment