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Increased
The growth of exposure of people and property to hazards and inabiliy to reduce vulnerabilities results in a _____________ number of disasters and greater loss.
Vulnerability
___________ refers to factors, such as physical, social, economic, and environmental, that increase the susceptibility to the impact of a hazard.
can be defined as the diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural or man-made hazard.
Vulnerable
A natural event becomes a disaster only if it hits _____________ population and properties.
Disaster risk
is defined as the potential loss of life, injury or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society, or a community in a specific period of time.
According to the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), it is determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, and capacity
is expressed as a function of hazard, exposure and vulnerability.
It seeks not only to express the chance of the disaster happening, but also to quantify the impact.
Null
If there is no hazard, then the risk is _________.
Disasters
These are inherently unexpected, or they come quickly with little or no warning at all.
happens when the probable destructive agent, the hazard, hits a vulnerable populated area.
often result from the failure to anticipate the timing and enormity of natural hazards.
Medical Impact
This impact of disaster includes traumatic injuries, epidermic diseases, indigenous diseases, and emotional stress.
Economical Impact
This impact is evident when disasters disrupt economies as normal business operations and other economic activities are curtailed.
Social and Political Impact
As a large segment of the population in developing countries consists the poor, who are the most valuable whenever a disaster strikes, these countries are the most affected.
An example of this impact is the breakaway of the state of Bangladesh and Pakistan due to the disaster brought by a tropical cyclone which exposed the inequities in the treatment of East Pakistan by the more affluent West Pakistan.
Damage to critical facilities
Widespread disasters can destroy or damage facilities that may be critical not only in maintaining a safe environment and public order, but also in responding to the disaster.
Disruption of Transportation
The restricted mobility of vehicles makes rescue and other emergency operation difficult.
Global environmental change
The changes could result in a wide range of more hazards such as wildfires and mudslides, reduced productivity in the oceans, and weakened immune systems of people and animals.
Risk Assessment
This estimates the impact that a hazard would have on people, services, facilities, and structures.
Hazard Mapping
It is the process of identifying the spatial variation of hazard events or physical conditions.
Hazard Map
It is useful in communicating vital information about the spatial variations in size and potential intensity of a particular hazard.
Geographic Information System (GIS)
This hazard mapping tool displays maps and assigns attributes to map units.
Hazard Assessment
It is the process of estimating, for defined areas, the probabilities of the occurence of potentially damaging phenomenon of given magnitude within a specified period of time.
Hazards
These are defined as the potential for damage to man and his environment that may result in occurence of natural events such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods, and storm surge.
refers to a potential threat or harm to life, environment, or property.
Quasi-natural Hazards
It is a type of hazard that is midway between natural and man-made hazards.
A type of hazard that results from the interaction of natural processes and human activities.
Natural Hazards
A type of hazard that results from earth’s natural processes.
Secondary Hazards
A type of hazard that resulted or consequence from other hazards.
Technological Hazards
A type of hazard that is made by man.
Deterministic Approach
Method in hazard assessment which is more subjective in estimating probability.
Quantitative Approach
Approach in hazard assessment where in mathematical functions or equations relating the hazard variables used are formulated or adapted to quantify hazard.
Probabilistic Approach
An approach in hazard assessment which provides an objective estimate of the probability of each hazard affecting an area or region by considering past record of events.
Qualitative Approach
In this approach of hazard assessment, instead of representing with numbers, this method uses expert opinion for ranking in relative terms the intensity or probability of occurence of a hazard.
Risk Map
It shows the hazard effect (physical, social and economic) vulnerabilities of areas and costs of damage.
Occurence of a Disaster
The _________________________ depends on the interplay between a natural phenomenon (that can turn into a hazard) and the vulnerability of population exposed (exposure and vulnerability).
it has the potential to harm lives
Natural events becomes a hazard when _______________ (in large quantity).
it hits vulnerable population and properties; in short, if there are victims
A natural event like a Vulcanic eruption or tsunami which hits an uninhabited area does not qualify as a disaster. It becomes a disaster only if ___________________________.
Severity of the natural event
The quantity of exposure of the elements at risk which includes lives and properties
Vulnerability level or quality of exposure
The magnitude of disaster depends on:
Medical Impact
Damage to critical facilities
Disruption of Transportation
Economical Impact
Global environmental change
Social and Political Impact
The six (6) Impacts of Disasters
Environmental
Social
Economic
Various elements that may be exposed to hazards:
people
properties
economic activities
private and public services
Elements at risk and exposure:
Social
The dimension of exposure and vulnerability covers a wide range of concerns (including migration, social groups, health and well-being, education, culture, institution, and governance aspects) but demography is the most important aspect.
Environmental
The physical aspects of exposure and vulnerability refers to location and built structures.
_____________ aspect of exposure and vulnerability encompass those beyond the physical dimension. It includes natural systems such as low- lying areas, coastal regions, mountainous areas.
Compared with developed countries, developing nation face more exposure and vulnerability because of their relative inability to adapt to changes and to create wealth that ay enhance resilience. Rapid urbanization in hazardous areas heightens vulnerability too disaster risk.
Economic
___________ vulnerability is the susceptibility of individual, communities, business, and government to absorb or cushion the effects of a hazard event.
Includes business interruptions due to accessibility problem, loss of jobs and access to work, and loss of government Income due to inability of business and people to pay taxes at a time when more funds are needed for relief and rehabilitation.
Rural household are found to be more vulnerable that those in urban environment because of the greater number of people living in poverty. This is tied to be more limited access to market and other services
Natural Hazards
Secondary Hazards
Technological Hazards
Quasi-natural Hazards
The four (4) types of hazard
Geological Hazards
Hydrological Hazards
Atmospherical Hazards
Biological Hazards
Man-made Hazards
The five (5) classifications of hazard
Earthquakes
Volcanic eruption
Rapid sediment movement
Subsidence
Sinkhole Formation
Impacts with space objects
Rainfall-induced landslide
The seven (7) types of Geologic Hazards
Floods
Wave action
Drought
Rapid Glacier Avalanche
The four (4) types of Hydrological Hazards
Typhoons or Hurricanes
Thunderstorm
Excessive rainfall
Tornadoes
Heavy snowfalls
Hail
Blizzards
Glaze storm
Freezing rain
High wind speeds
Extreme temperatures
Lightnings
The twelve (12) types of Atmospheric Hazard
Epidemic in humans
Epidemic in plants
Epidemic in animals
Locusts
The four (4) types of Biological Hazards
Transportation accidents
Industrial explosions and fires
Accidental release of toxic chemicals, radiological material, biologic material, oil, etc.
Nuclear accidents
Collapse of public buildings
Weapons of Mass destruction
Computer viruses
The seven (7) types of Man-made Hazards
Hazard Profiling
Important in predicting the possible disasters that a certain hazard can bring.
They are useful in planning for a disaster especially if the same impacts are likely to brought by a hazard that frequents a certain place.
magnitude of event (high-scale or low-scale)
frequency (number of times in a year)
duration (short-term or long-term)
causality effects (direct or indirect)
Hazards can be profiled in different ways:
Scientific
The magnitude of the hazard can be assessed by the measurements obtained from __________ instruments.
Scaling
Sometimes, _________ can vary depending on the reference tables used per country.
Magnitude 5.0
Considered high scale in earthquakes based on the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
1.0 meter
Floods reaching __________ is likewise considered high-scale
150 kph
Typhoons with winds up to ____________ are deemed strong and powerful
its(area) proneness to hazard ; geographical location
The frequency of the hazard to occur in an area is important because it tells _____________________________. This is usually, but not always, associated with the area's ___________________.
storm surges ; typhoon belt
On Earth or its topographical condition. For example, a coastal community may be frequented by __________________ if it belongs to the ________________.
flooding ; storm surges ; lower
Coastal community may be frequented by _____________, and not _______________, if its topography or level of ground is ________ than the sea level.
government agencies ; natural hazard occurences ; patterns
Usually, _________________________ record frequencies of _______________________________ to see any _________ to serve as tools in preparing for a disaster
duration ; short ; long
The impact of hazards varies in ____________. The assessment of the duration is either ______ or _______
length ; after-shocks ; long
In earthquakes for example, the ________ of shaking, trembling, and even the ____________ are recorded. If this event happened in a span of more than a minute, the earthquake is deemed to be _______.
days
Another example is the volcanic eruption that can last for ______
preparatory activities ; post disaster plans
The assessment of this duration can have implications on how extensive _________________ should be and even the ________________________.
causality of events ; directly ; indirectly
The impact of hazards can also be assessed based on the _____________________, that is, whether the exposed element receives the likely disaster ________ or ____________
site of event ; degree of consequences
Sometimes, other elements that are not visibly present in the _______________ also suffer some ___________________ because all communities interact within and outside their territory.
hazard-prone area
A _____________________ is a location where a natural hazard is likely to happen if preventive measures are not implemented.
hazards ; disasters
Due mainly to its geography, the Philippines is considered prone to natural _________, and hence natural ___________ as well.
Pacific Ring of Fire ; earthquakes ; volcanic eruptions
It is situated along the ______________________, an area surrounding the basin of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanoes have formed. Thus, seismic activities such as __________________ and _____________________ frequently occur in the region.
90 percent
Around ______________ of the world's earthquakes occur in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Note 
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