HORMONES & GLANDS

pineal gland

melatonin

melatonin

involved in biological rhythms (inhibits reproduction)

hypothalamus

Regulates hormones released by the posterior pituitary that in turn regulate the anterior pituitary

pituitary gland (posterior lobe)

oxytocin

oxytocin

stimulates contraction of the uterus and the milk “let-down” reflex

pituitary gland (anterior lobe)

growth hormone (GH)

prolactin (PRL)

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

luteinizing hormone (LH)

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

ACTH

growth hormone

stimulates growth and metabolism

prolactin

stimulates milk production

FSH

stimulates production of ova and sperm

LH

stimulates ovaries and testes

TSH

stimulates thyroid gland

ACTH

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

thyroid gland

T4 and T3

T4 and T3

stimulates metabolism

Calcitonin

reduces blood calcium level

parathyroid gland

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

raises blood calcium level

thymus

thymosin

thymosin

programs T lymphocytes

adrenal medulla

epinephrine and norepinephrine

epinephrine and norepinephrine

raises blood glucose level

adrenal cortex

glucocorticoids

glucocorticoids

increases blood glucose

mineralocorticoids

promote reabsorption of Calcium and excretion of Potassium

pancreas

insulin and glucagon

insulin

reduces blood glucose

glucagon

raises blood glucose

testes

androgens

androgens

support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics

ovaries

estrogen

estrogen

stimulate uterine lining growth'; development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics

progesterone

promotes growth of uterine lining