US HISTORY chap 28-29 quiz

What sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional

What were the circumstances of Brown v. Board being decided by the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court's unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education occurred after a hard-fought, multi-year campaign to persuade all nine justices to overturn the "separate but equal" doctrine that their predecessors had endorsed in the Court's infamous 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision

How does MLK wind up in jail & what does he do?

King and the Rev. Abernathy chose to lead a march in defiance of the injunction and were arrested on April 12, 1963. Dr. King spent eight days in jail before being released on bail, and during that time wrote his famed "Letter from Birmingham Jail.

What is the difference between SNCC(Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) and SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)?

The SCLC, led by Martin Luther King Jr., focused on peaceful protests and was inspired by Christian values and Gandhi's nonviolence. The SNCC, formed by younger activists, preferred immediate, direct actions like sit-ins to challenge segregation.

What happened when students attempted to enroll in school? Give examples.

The Little Rock Nines attendance at the school was a test of Brown v. Board of Education, a landmark 1954 Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. On September 4, 1957, the first day of classes at Central High, Governor Orval Faubus called in the Arkansas National Guard to block the Black students' entry into the high school. Later that month, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school. It drew national attention to the civil rights movement.

Explain the strategy of nonviolence and how it effectively gained national attention

In order to successfully employ nonviolent strategies the group must be able to hide members and resources, to disperse resources, and to surprise the opponent. They will need to make decisions under pressure. Nonviolence drew a stark contrast between the actions of the Freedom Riders and those of their segregationist foes, while at the same time bringing the injustice of racial oppression starkly into the spotlight.

What was Freedom Summer: when, where, and why did it occur?

In the summer of 1964, nearly 1,000 college students traveled to the state of Mississippi. Organized by civil rights groups, the students sought to work with the African American community in a voter registration drive. The effort became known as Freedom Summer.

How did Malcolm X and MLK differ in their approaches?

King is often portrayed as a nonviolent insider, while Malcolm X is characterized as a by-any-means-necessary political renegade

What was the purpose of the Black Panther Party and how did it differ from the mainstream CRM?

Founded in 1966 in Oakland, California, the Black Panther Party for Self Defense was the era's most influential militant black power organization. Its members confronted politicians, challenged the police, and protected black citizens from brutality.

What occured in Selma and for what reason?

Fifty years ago, on March 7, 1965, hundreds of people gathered in Selma, Alabama to march to the capital city of Montgomery. They marched to ensure that African Americans could exercise their constitutional right to vote — even in the face of a segregationist system that wanted to make it impossible

What event led to the increased U.S. involvement and what powers were granted to LBJ (lydon b johnson)?

On August 7, 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, authorizing President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia

Explain the protests and backlash against involvement in Vietnam in the U.S. ?

The October 1967 Pentagon riot, the first national protest against the war, exemplified the agonizingly divisive debate over Vietnam. Ironically, the demonstrators helped the federal government confirm its own commitment to civilian control. Civilian Deputy Marshals, not soldiers, arrested them.

How did the Washington Post play a role in Watergate?

Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, journalists from The Washington Post, pursued leads provided by a source they called "Deep Throat" (later identified as Mark Felt, associate director of the FBI) and uncovered an enormous campaign of political spying and sabotage directed by White House officials and illegally funded by Nixon

What occurred at the Mai Lai massacre and the tet offensive

The murder of more than 400 Vietnamese civilians in My Lai and My Khe by US soldiers on March 16, 1968, stands as one of the darkest days in the nation's military history. It left an indelible stain on America's record in Vietnam, the nation's longest, least popular, and most controversial war.