Flashcards Baylor - HP 1420 Lab Exam #1

Anatomy

Studies the structure of the body

Physiology

Studies the function of the body

Anatomical position

Person standing w/ face forward, upper limbs hanging to side, palms forward

Medial

Towards midline

Lateral

Away from midline

Proximal

Nearer/closer to point of attachment

Distal

Further away from point of attachment

Anterior/ventral

Front

Posterior/dorsal

Back

Inferior/caudal

Down/below

Superior/cranial/cephalic

Up/further up

Prone

Laying face down

Supine

Laying face up

Median

Divides body into equal right and left hales; runs through midline

Sagittal

Divides body into unequal left and right halves; doesn't run through midline

Coronal/frontal

Divides body into anterior and posterior parts

Transverse

Divides body into superior and inferior parts

Two parts of skeletal system

Axial and appendicular

Axial skeleton

Consists of bones of skull, hyoid bone, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and sacrum

Appendicular skeleton

Consists of bones of limbs, including shoulder and pelvic girdles

Foramen

Hole/opening in bone

Meatus

Passage/tunnel through bone

Sinus

Cavity; filled with air and covered in mucous membrane

Fossa

Hollow or depressed area

Condyle

Rounded, articular area

Epicondyle

Projection superior to a condyle

Tubercle

Small raised projection

Tuberosity

Large rounded projection

Crest

Ridge of bone

Line

Linear elevation (less prominent than crest)

Spine

Sharp pointed ridge (very prominent)

Functions of skeletal system

support, movement, protection, mineral reserve, hemopoiesis

Head of bone

Enlarged articular end

Neck of bone

Narrower part between head and body

Body of bone

Main part of bone

Long bone

Long/tubular (Ex: femur)

Short bone

Cube shaped (Ex: ankle and wrist only)

Flat bone

Flat/curbed; often serve protective functions (Ex: skull)

Irregular bone

Have shapes other than long, short, and flat

Parietal

Frontal

Temporal

Mastoid process

External auditory meatus

Styloid process

Mandibular fossa

Zygomatic process

Occipital

Foramen magnum

Occipital condyles

External occipital protuberance

Sphenoid

Greater wing

Lesser wing

Sella turcica

Ethmoid

Perpendicular plate

Middle concha

Superior concha

Coronal suture

Sagittal suture

Lambdoid suture

Squamous suture

Zygomatic arch

Temporal process

Maxilla

Anterior nasal spine

Mandible

Mandible body

Ramus

Mandibular notch

Mental foramen

Coronoid process

Mandibular condyle

Mandibular canal

Mental protuberance

Palatine

Nasal

Inferior concha

Lacrimal bone

Vomer

Hyoid

Greater cornu

Lesser cornu

Vertebral column

Vertebral foramen

Intervertebral foramen

Spinous process

Transverse process

Superior articular process

Inferior articular process

Pedicle

Lamina

Intervertebral disc

Herniated disc

Cervical vertebrae

Atlas vertebrae

Axis vertebrae

Dens process

Thoracic vertebrae