Unit 1 - Global Studies

Globe

A three-dimensional representation of Earth, on an axis

Map

A two-dimensional representation of Earth's surface

Cartography

Someone who studies maps for a living

Cartographer

Someone who makes maps for a career

Map Projection

A process to transfer a 3-D World to a flat, 2-D Surface

Robinson Projection

Winkel Tripel Projection

Goodies Projection

Mercator Projection

Hemisphere

Half of a sphere

Longitude

East or West of the Prime Meridian

Latitiude

North or South of the Earth’s equator

Great Circle Route

The path used to travel the shortest distance on a globe

Parts of a Map

Title, Key, Scale, Compass Rose

Political Map

Shows boundaries, locations, countries states, cities, and towns

Physical Map

Shows the location of physical features on a map

Thematic Map

Single idea or particular kind of information about an area

Location

Where is it? Why is it located there?

Absolute Location

Given in degrees of latitude and longitude (address)

Relative Location

depends upon point of reference (Near, far, South of…)

Place

Human Characteristics

Physical Characteristics

What is it like?

Manmade

Landforms,bodies of water, ecosystems, etc.

Human Environment Interaction

Interact & Change environment

Depend - on the envior.

Adapt - to the envior.

Modify- the envior.

Movement

Transportation, Communication, trade, etc.

Region

Unifying features & form & change over time

Hydrosphere

Water

Lithosphere

Life/Earth

Atmosphere

Air

Biosphere

Made up of Hydro, Litho, and Atmosphere

Peninsula

Piece of land that’s almost completely surrounded by water while still connected to a larger main land

Isthmus

Narrow stip of land that connects to larger main lands and has water of both sides

Geocentric

Ptomely, Earth in the center of the universe

Heliocentric

Galileo & Copernicus, Sun in the center of the universe

Continental Drift

Theory that the continents once drifted away from each other

Plate Tectonics

Bending & breaking parts of the Earth’s crust

Magma

Hot, liquid-semi mixture of melted rock, found deep under-ground beneath Earth’s crust

Fault

A mistake, of a fracture in Earth’s crust where blocks of rock movie past each other

Erosion/Weathering

Wearing away or breaking down of Earth’s crust through physical and chemical processes

Glacier

Large body of ice on land, slowly moving under it’s own weight and gravity

Groundwater

Beneath Earth’s surface, filling cracks and spaces in soil, sand, and rock layers

Aquifer

underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, gravel, sand , or silt from which groundwater can be extracted from a water well

Continental Drift

Earth’s continents ride of massive tectonic plates that continue to shift

Ring of Fire

horseshoe-shaped area around the Pacific ocean, 90% Earthquakes and 75% Volcanoes

Equinox

Sun is above the equator (Spring & Autumn)

Solstice

Sun reaches its highest point in the sky above the equator (Summer & Winter)

Weather

day to day changes in the atmosphere

Climate

long term tracking of weather patterns

Greenhouse Effect

atmosphere traps some heat & keeps it from escaping back into space too quickly

Coriolis Effect

curving of air & water as a result of the earth spinning

Doldrums

windless area near the equator

Steppes

grasslands w/ a few trees

Permafrost

permanently frozen ground (under)

Oasis

large watering hole with plants around it, in a desert

coniferous tree

pine trees, pinecones, and pine needles

Deciduous tree

tree with leaves that fall