Ch. 23: Occlusal and Localization Techniques

What is the purpose of occlusal radiographs?

used to examine large areas of the maxilla or mandible beyond the size of a PA

What size receptor is use for occlusal radiographs in adults?

size 4

What size receptor is use for occlusal radiographs in adults?

size 2

On what occasions are occlusal radiographs usually used?

used when placement of intraoral receptors id too difficult for patient

young children, gagging, large tori, insufficient opening 

What areas can be shown on occlusals that are not easily seen by a normal receptor placement?

retained root tips and fractures

locate foreign bodies

examine the area of a cleft palate

measure changes in size shape if maxilla or mandible 

locate supernumerary, unerupted or impacted teeth

evaluate boundaries of the maxillary sinus 

Why must we use localization technique on certain occasions?

because standard radiographs show 3D objects in a 2D image, it does not show buccal-lingual relationship

What are localization techniques used to locate?

foreign bodies

impacted teeth

unerupted teeth

retained roots

root positions

salivary stones

jaw fractures

broken needles/instruments tips

filling materials 

shows orientation of objects in two images exposed at different angles 

buccal object rule (SLOB)

How is the SLOB technique done?

one radiograph exposed using proper technique and angulation

second radiograph is exposed after changing the angulation of the x-ray beam 

A different _______ angulation is used to locate vertically aligned structures and a different _______ angulation is used to locate horizontally aligned structures.

horizontal; vertical

technique where you first expose a periapical and then expose an occlusal radiograph directing the central ray perpendicular to receptor 

right angle technique

The right angle technique is primarily used on what arch?

mandible