Chapter 2: Acid-Base and Hydrate

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering acids, bases, oxoacids, hydrates, and an introduction to organic chemistry based on the Chapter Two lecture notes.

Acid (Basic Definition)

A substance that yields hydrogen ions ($H^+$) when dissolved in water.

Hydronium Ion

The ion represented by $H_3O^+$ which some textbooks use interchangeably with the hydrogen ion ($H^+$) when defining an acid.

Hydrochloric Acid

The name given to hydrogen chloride ($HCl$) once it has been dissolved in water.

Oxoacid

An acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another specific element (represented as $X$).

Nitric acid

An oxoacid with the chemical formula $HNO_3$.

Carbonic acid

An oxoacid with the chemical formula $H_2CO_3$.

Phosphoric acid

An oxoacid with the chemical formula $H_3PO_4$.

Base

A substance that yields hydroxide ions ($OH^-$) when dissolved in water.

Hydrates

Ionic compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them.

Barium chloride dihydrate

An ionic compound with two moles of water molecules attached, represented by the formula $BaCl_2 \times 2H_2O$.

Anhydrous

A term used to describe an ionic compound, such as copper sulfate ($CuSO_4$), that does not have any moisture or water molecules attached.

Organic chemistry

A branch of chemistry that deals specifically with carbon and carbon-containing compounds.

Functional group

The key focus in organic chemistry; elements or compounds that contain the same functional group can undergo similar chemical reactions.

Alkane

A functional group in organic chemistry consisting only of carbon and hydrogen, such as methane ($CH_4$).