Chapter 1: The Interprofessional Health Care Team

ambulatory care

medical care provided in a setting outside of the hospital, including diagnosis, observation, consultation, treatment, intervention, and rehabilitation services

team-based health care

provision of health services to individuals, families, and their communities by at least two health providers who work collaboratively with patients and their caregivers to accomplish shared goals and achieve coordinated, high-quality care

health care system

diverse HCPs who collaborate in order to direct their specialized capabilities toward common goals for the patient

collaborative health care

aka integrated health care, the concept of bringing together providers, delivery, management, and organization of health care services related to diagnosis, treatment, care, rehabilitation, and health promotion; guided by the basic principles of shared goals, clear roles, mutual trust, effective communication, and measurable process and outcomes

primary care

the day-to-day health care by a HCP that is usually the first contact for patients within a health care system

interprofessional/collaborative practice

multiple HCPs from different professional backgrounds work together with patients, families, caregivers, and communities to deliver the highest quality of care

patient-centered/participatory care

process in which both the patient and HCP contribute to the medical decision-making process; HCPs explain treatments and alternatives to patients to provide the necessary resources for patients to choose the treatment option that best aligns with their unique cultural and personal beliefs

Triple Aim

a framework developed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement that describes an approach to optimizing health system performance

Institute of Medicine (IOM)

now recognized as the Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies, it is a U.S. governmental office that provides unbiased, evidence-based, and authoritative information on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine, and health, and serves as an adviser to the nation to improve health

Commission of Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE)

accrediting agency verifying that academic program instruct the competencies within the curriculum; eligibility for the AT certification exam is contingent upon completion of an accredited program

regulation

a rule or statute that prescribes the management, governance, or operating parameters for a given group; it tends to be a function of administrative agencies to which a legislative body has delegated authority to promulgate rules or regulations; most regulations are intended to protect the public health, safety, and welfare

practice act

a statue defining scope of practice defined by each state's licensure laws; in athletic training, the entire practice act, including accompanying rules, constitutes the law governing athletic training practice within a state

return to participation/play (RTP)

a decision to allow a patient to resume physical activity; responsibility for this decision lies with the medical director or team physician and is often implemented by an athletic trainer

conflict of interest

a situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, financial or otherwise, one of which could possibly corrupt the motivation or decision-making of that individual or organization

emergency medical services (EMS)

aka emergency medical systems, it is a local, regional, state, or national organization of emergency medical personnel, equipment, and supplies designed to function in a coordinated fashion

scope of practice

defined parameters of various duties or services that may be provided by a person with specific credentials; whether regulated by rule, statute, or court decision, it represents the limits of services a person may legally perform

medical oversight

supervision usually provided by a medical director, typically a physician in emergency medicine or pediatric emergency medicine who is responsible for actions of the emergency care team

critical

patient presents with symptoms of a life-threatening illness or injury with a high probability of mortality if immediate intervention is not begun to prevent further airway, respiratory, hemodynamic, and/or neurologic instability

emergent

patient presents with symptoms of an illness or injury that may progress in severity or result in complications with a high probability for morbidity if treatment is not begun quickly

pneumatic antishock garment (PASG)

aka medical antishock trousers (MAST), a medical compression garment used to treat severe blood loss to improve survival for people with trauma; they are controversial and may worsen outcomes

advanced-level emergency medical care

care that has greater potential benefit to the patient, but also greater potential risk to the patient if improperly or inappropriately performed, is more difficult to attain and maintain competency in, and requires significant background knowledge in basic and applied sciences; these include invasive and pharmacological interventions

percutaneous

delivery of medication through the skin

emergency physician

a specialist who typically works at an emergency department to care for acutely ill patients and provides advanced cardiac life support, trauma care such as fractures and soft tissue injuries, and management of other life-threatening situations

cricoid pressure

aka Sellick's maneuver, a technique used in endotracheal intubation to reduce the risk of regurgitation

triage

the process of determining the priority of patients' treatments based on the severity of their condition

intensive care unit (ICU)

aka critical care unit, a hospital unit that has special equipment and specially trained personnel for the care of seriously ill patients who require immediate and continuous attention

violation

deliberate deviation from an operating procedure, standard, or rule

systems thinking

a business management discipline that concerns an understanding of a system by examining the linkages and interactions between the components that comprise the entirety of that defined system

community care

clinic that provides access to high-quality, affordable, and comprehensive primary and preventative medical, dental, and mental health care often to medically underserved and uninsured people

therapeutic behaviors

interpersonal communication skills that are consciously applied by the HCP in both verbal and nonverbal ways

closed-ended questions

questions answered with a simple "yes" or "no," or with a specific piece of information

open-ended questions

a question phrased as a statement requiring a thoughtful and detailed response rather than a one-word response

appearance of impropriety

a phrase referring to a situation in which an outside person without knowledge of the specific circumstances may questions the ethics of the situation; it is common practice to avoid even the appearance of impropriety

primacy of the patient

advocating for the patient's best interests and well-being and protecting the patient from undue harm

emotional intelligence

recognizing one's own and other people's emotions and using this information to guide thinking and behavior and adjust emotions based on the situation or setting

self-awareness

being aware of one's self through examination of one's emotional reactions; understanding how one's attitudes, perceptions, past and present experiences, and relationships create a lens through which one sees the world and the people in it

cultural competence

an attitude of respect and awareness for patients from cultures different from the HCP's own

health care informatics

also known as clinical informatics, the application of informatics and information technology to deliver health care services and management of health data through the use of computers and computer technology

epidemiology

characterization of injury occurrence, identification of risk factors, and the strength of effect of those factors, as well as potentially protective factors related to the development and evaluation of injury prevention strategies and programs