Questions about Culture of the Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and the Neo-Babylonians. And vocab.

The Babylonians built large temples for worshipping gods (polytheism).

Religion and Philosophy

Hammurabi established the Babylonian Empire.

Political Science

He had public buildings and temples built ***(Infrastructure/public works projects)***

Political Science

Hammurabi’s laws protected the less-powerful, such as abused wives.

Sociology

It was located on the eastern bank of the Euphrates River in present-day Iraq.

Geography

Babylon was a city of the Amorites, who conquered Mesopotamia after the fall of Sargon’s empire.

Geography

* Hammurabi established a ***code (set of official rules)*** of laws relating to farming, business, marriage, and the family…a punishment was listed for each crime.

Political science

* Hammurabi conquered Amorite cities and created a Babylonian Empire from the Persian Gulf, north through the river valleys and west toward the Mediterranean Sea. 

Geography

* Hammurabi’s code was more strict than previous laws and supported the belief of “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.”

Political Science

* Babylonians made statues dedicated to King Hammurabi.

Knowledge, Education and the Arts

* Punishments for crimes matched the seriousness of the crimes.

Political Science

* Laws protected the less-powerful, such as abused wives.

Political Science

* Hammurabi’s code influenced the laws of the Greeks and Romans.

Political Science

* Sumerian and Akkadian culture mixed under Sargons’ rule.

Knowledge, Education and the Arts

Sargon’s empire lasted more than 200 years before invaders conquered.

History

* Sargon formed the world’s first empire when he united Akkad with the former city-states of Sumer.

Political Science

* Sargon ruled as a king.

Political Science

* People spoke the Akkadian language and wrote in Akkadian Cuneiform…some people still spoke and wrote literature in Sumerian.

Knowledge, Education, and the Arts

* People were required to pay a ***tribute (forced payment to a ruler).***

Economics

The Akkadians worshipped many gods (polytheism), including Sumerian gods, and Sargon’s daughter was made a high priestess of the moon god, Nanna.

Religion and Philosophy

* They traded with the Arabian Peninsula and the Indus River Valley.

Economics

* Ruled over former Sumerian city-states and eventually all of Mesopotamia.

Geography

* The empire grew wealthy through taxes and trade.

Economics

* Akkadian rulers established a system of standard weights and measures which helped make trade fair.

Economics

* The kingdom of Akkad developed in northern Mesopotamia.

Geography

* The kings appointed officials to govern, collect taxes, and enforce laws in the provinces. 

Political Science

* The Assyrians had a large (50,000 soldiers) and powerful army to protect and expand their territory.

Political Science

* The Assyrians based their writing on Babylonian writing.

Knowledge, Education, And the Arts

* The Assyrians constructed large temples.

Religion and Philosophy

* The Assyrians worshipped many of the same gods (polytheism) as the Babylonians.

Religion and Philosophy

* The Assyrians filled the palaces and temples with wall carvings and statues.

Knowledge, Education and the Arts

The Assyrians built roads to connect the provinces and improve trade.

Economics

Because of expansion, the Assyrian empire extended from the Persian Gulf in the east to the Nile River in the west

Geography

* The Assyrian Empire extended from Asia Minor (modern Turkey), included the Levant, and a region including the modern countries of Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq.

Geography

* The kings appointed officials to govern, collect taxes

Economics

* The army was well-trained, disciplined, and was made up of ***infantry*** (foot soldiers) and ***cavalry*** (soldiers on horseback and chariots).

Political Science

* The Assyrians were brutal in their treatment of those they conquered.

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Political Science

* The Assyrian kings were powerful and divided the empire into ***provinces (political districts).***

Political Science

* The Assyrians built roads to connect the provinces and improve trade.

Political Science

* The library held 25,000 tablets of stories and songs to the gods.

Knowledge, Education and the Arts

* Historians have learned much because of this library.

Knowledge, Education and the Arts

* The Assyrians constructed large temples.

Religion and Philosophy

The Assyrians based their writing on Babylonian writing.

Knowledge, Education and the Arts

* The Assyrian king named Ashurbanipal built one of the world’s first libraries in Nineveh.
* The library held 25,000 tablets of stories and songs to the gods.

Knowledge, Education and the Arts

* The Assyrian kings had tax collectors in the provinces.

Economics

* The Assyrians built roads to connect the provinces and improve trade.
* Soldiers stood guard on the roads to protect travelers and traders from bandits, thus ensuring successful trade.

Economics

The kings appointed officials to govern, collect taxes

Economics

* The Assyrian Empire extended from Asia Minor (modern Turkey), included the Levant, and a region including the modern countries of Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq.

Geography

* Because of expansion, the Assyrian empire extended from the Persian Gulf in the east to the Nile River in the west.

Geography

* The Assyrian Empire had four capitals, including Nineveh on the Tigris River.

Geography

The Babylonians had moved into southern Mesopotamia around 1000 BCE.

Geography

The Neo-Babylonians were polytheistic.

Religion and Philosophy

* They made one of the first sundials for measuring time and were the first the recognize a seven day week.
* The walls surrounded the city and were decorated with elegant glazed bricks reliefs of lions, bulls, and mythological dragons, and could be entered throught its main gate, the Ishtar Gate.
* These terraced gardens- built like huge steps- included large trees, masses of flowering vines, and other beautiful plants.

Knowledge, Education and the Arts

* These Artisans made pottery, cloth, and baskets.

Sociology

* Merchants came to the city in traveling groups called caravans.

Sociology

* There were poor harvest and slow trade further weakened the empire.
* The Persians, recognized that the Neo-Babylonian Empire was vulnerable and without leadership, captured Babylon and dominated Mesopotamia and areas of southwestern Asia and Egypt.

History

* The rise of the Neo-Babylonian king Nabopolassar in 627 BCE made the ASsyrians fled out of Uruk.
* They captured the Assyrian capital known as Nineveh and burned it to the ground.

History

* They also were the first people to recognize and seven-day week.
* astronomers who study the heavenly bodies- mapped the stars, plants, and the phases of the moon.

Knowledge education and the arts

* The major trade route between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea passed though Babylon. 

Economics

* Nebuchadnezzar ll conquered most of the Assyrian lands and made Babylon his capital.

Geography

The Babylonians were conquered by the Persians

Geography

* The Babylonians, like other people in Mesopotamia, believed that the gods showed their plans in the changes un the sky.

Religion and Philosophy

* The kings palace included a giant starcase of greery known as the hanging gardens, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, which he built to please his wife.

Knowledge education and the arts

* The Babylonians built many new canals.

Knowledge education and the arts

* They defeated the Assyrians in 609 BCE.
* After Nebuchadnezzar ll died, a series of weak kings ruled the Neo-Babylonian Empire.

History

* Nabopolassar was crowned king.

Political Science

* Like other Mesopotamian kings, Nebuchadnezzar collected very high taxes and tributes from his subjects to pay for his building projects and maintain his army.

Political Science

* Babylon was the largest and richest city in the world.
* Outside the center of Babylon stood houses and marketplaces.

Geography

* They grew crops.
* Traveling caravan merchants bought Babylonian goods such as pottery, cloth, baskets, and jewelry.

Economics

* The Babylonians studied astronomy(mapping out the heavenly bodies such as the stars, planets, and the phases of the moon)

Knowledge, Education and the Arts

King Nabopolarssar and his son, king Nebuchadnezzar ll, created a New Babylonian(Neo-Babylonian) empire.

Political Science

* Nabopolassar was crowned king after he kicked the Assyrians out of Uruk.
* The Assyrians were very harsh in their treatment of the people they conquered and ruled.

History

* Nebuchadnezzar gained control of almost all of the lands the Assyriabs had once ruled.
* Grand palaces and temples were located in the center of the city.

Geography

* A huge ziggerat stood more than 300 feet tall and had a gold roof.

Religion and Philosophy

* They were rich because of trade

Economics

* Merchants came to the city in tracking groups called caravans.

Economics

* The Babylonians studied astronomy(mapping out the heavenly bodies such as the stars, planets, and the phases of the moon)

Knowledge, Education, And the Arts

* Nabopolassar led a revolt against the Assyrians.

History

* The city covered over 4 square miles.
* Nebuchadnezzar gained control of almost all of the lands the Assyriabs had once ruled.
* Grand palaces and temples were located in the center of the city.

Geography

* A complex irrigation system brought water from the Eurphrates to the Hanging Gardens.

Economics

* Artisans made pttery, cloth, jewelry, and baskets.

Economics

* Babylon’s streets were laid out in a grid with the main street running parallel to the Euphartes River.

Geography