TH2107 STI Lecture Notes: Tourism and Hospitality Concepts

Vocabulary flashcards covering push/pull factors, tourism forms, motivators, seasonality, and key tourism product characteristics from the lecture notes.

Push factors

Factors that initiate the desire to travel, including exploration, escape, relaxation, health, social interaction, novelty, education, and prestige.

Pull factors

Factors that attract people to destinations, such as facilities, core attractions, and landscape features.

Facilities Factor

Tourism facilities at a destination, including food & beverage establishments, accommodation, roads, and security.

Core Attractions Factor

Activities and services available for tourism, including sports, nightlife, festivals, entertainment, and shopping.

Landscape Features Factor

Geographical features of a destination, such as beaches, forests, rivers, and mountains.

Economic Progress (tourism)

Tourism contributes to foreign exchange and currency earnings for a country.

Source of Income (tourism)

Tourism generates public and private income through taxes, fees, and sales, and creates jobs in related sectors.

Development of Infrastructure

Tourism promotes infrastructure improvements like dams, roads, bridges, ports, and airports.

Societal Progress

Tourism fosters cultural exchange, respect, tolerance, and knowledge transfer between visitors and local communities.

Cultural Heritage

Tourism helps explain and spread a country’s beauty, art, history, and culture, including local skills and languages.

Educational Significance

Tourism supports education through visits to zoos, museums, and study programs, and exchanges.

Environmental Preservation

Tourism supports conservation efforts and raises environmental awareness, guided by laws from bodies like PATA and WTO.

PATA

Pacific Asia Travel Association, an organization involved in promoting sustainable tourism and related policies.

WTO

World Tourism Organization, an international body associated with tourism standards and conservation.

Seasonality

Predictable yearly changes in tourism demand based on seasons, affecting pricing and employment.

Peak season

The short period of highest demand in a tourist destination.

Time (tourism context)

Leisure hours increase opportunities to travel; schedule changes affect travel timing.

Money (discretionary income)

Income available after essential obligations, used for travel and tourism.

Mobility

Access to transportation and the time required to reach a destination.

Motivation (travel)

Reasons behind travel, such as novelty, education, socializing, adventure, or stress relief.

Documents

Travel documents like passports, visas, tickets, and reservations needed for travel.

McIntosh and Goeldner (travel motivators)

Scholars who categorized travel motivation into four groups: physical, interpersonal, cultural, and status/prestige motivators.

Physical Motivators

Motivators related to physical health, relaxation, sports, and medical care.

Interpersonal Motivators

Motivators involving meeting new people, visiting relatives, or escaping daily hassles.

Cultural Motivators

Motivators driven by curiosity about different cultures, arts, traditions, and lifestyles.

Status and Prestige Motivators

Motivators tied to fame, status, self-esteem, or professional interests.

Push and Pull Theory

Crompton’s idea that travel is driven by internal desires (push) and destination appeal (pull).

Push and Pull Theory (Crompton)

Two socio-psychological factors: an individual's desire to travel and the destination’s attractiveness.

Domestic Tourism

Residents travel within their own country.

Inbound Tourism

Non-residents traveling to a given country.

Outbound Tourism

Residents traveling to another country.

International Tourism

Combined inbound and outbound tourism, involving both residents and non-residents.

Intangibility

Tourism products cannot be seen or touched before purchase; value is in service/experience.

Inseparability

Services are produced and consumed together and cannot be separated from the provider.

Perishability

Products/services cannot be stored for future sale; unsold inventory (e.g., seats) may require discounts.

Variability

Service quality can vary because it is delivered by humans; mitigated by technology (CSR, GDS).

Absence of Ownership

Tourists buy experiences/benefits, not ownership of the service or product.

Manufactured by Many Producers

A tourism product is produced by multiple specialized sectors rather than a single enterprise.