Chapter 3 ANP

3. A form of government that divides sovereign power across at least 2 political units

3. A form of government that divides sovereign power across at least 2 political units

Chap 3 - Federalism

3. The Supreme power across the local, state, and national power

Chap 3 - Sovereign power

3. Policy-making responsibilities exercised only by national government

Chap 3 - Exclusive power

3. The power to enforce laws and provide for public safety

Chap 3 - Police power

3. Responsibilities like transportation that are shared by all three levels

Chap 3 - Concurrent power

3. National centralized government that holds ultimate authority

Chap 3 - Unitary Government

3. States hold power over limited national government (An example is the Articles of Confederation)

Chap 3 - Confederal Government

3. States must respect one another's laws, giving citizens this clause if they go to another state

Chap 3 - Full faith and credit clause

3. States must treat visitors as they would treat their own

Chap 3 - Privileges and Immunities Clause

3. National and state government are seen as distinct and providing separate services, limiting national government

Chap 3 - Dual Federalism

3. The idea that states are entitled to a certain amount of self government

Chap 3 - States rights

3. National and state government work together to provide services effectively

Chap 3 - Cooperative federalism

3. A realistic form of cooperative federalism where policy makers work together across levels of government

Chap 3 - Picket Fence federalism

3. Whereby the federal government provides some of the funds needed to sustain the state programs that deliver services to citizens

Chap 3 - Fiscal federalism

3. The federal government uses mandates, regulations, and conditions to pressure state policy changes

Chap 3 - Coercive federalism

3. Imposition of national priorities on states based on constitutional supremacy clause

Chap 3 - Federal preemption

3. Federal laws that require the states to do things without giving the funds to do so

Chap 3 - Unfunded mandates

3. Federal aid to state or local government that is provided for a specific purpose

Chap 3 - Categorical grants

3. Federal aid provided to a state government with the restriction of spending in a certain area

Chap 3 - Block grants

3. A form of federalism where states compete to attract businesses and jobs through policy

Chap 3 - Competitive federalism

3. National laws addressing discriminatory state laws. Within the 14th amendment

Chap 3 - Remedial legislation

c. Confederal

3.What system of government did the Articles of Confederation establish? a. unitary b. federal c. confederal d. monarchy e. dictatorship

b. Building roads

3. Which is an example of concurrent power? a. printing money b. building roads c. conducting elections d. declaring war e. establishing post offices

b. The 10th amendment

3. States' rights are protected in which constitutional provisions? a. 9th amendment b. 10th amendment c. Article 1 of the constitution d. Article 3 of the constitution e. 1st amendment

d. The Supreme Court's recent decisions in same sex marriage cases

3. Which of the following would be best explained by the tenth amendment? a. Congress increasing the minimum wage to $10 an hour b. the California state legislature declaring it was going to create its own navy c. state and local control over education policy d. the Supreme Court's recent decisions in same-sex cases e. the Environmental Protection Agency passing a new regulation on carbon emissions that applies to all 50 states

c. picket fence federalism

3. Which analogy best describes the federalism arrangement today? a. layer cake federalism b. marble cake federalism c. picket fence federalism d. gumbo federalism e. dual federalism

b. McCulloch v Maryland

3. Which case bolstered the federal government's power over the states? a. Barron v Baltimore b. McCulloch v Maryland c. Dred Scott v Sanford d. Shelby County v Holder e. Mapp v Ohio

b. 1930s

3. When did the federal government begin cooperating with the states on policy goals? a. 1890s b. 1930s c. 1950s d. 1970s e. 1990s

b. categorical grant

3. Which form of grants is given to the states by the federal government with explicit conditions on how funds are to be allocated? a. block grant b. categorical grant c. general revenue sharing d. federal mandates e. tax refund

a. block grants

3. Recent moves in Congress to increase state power over public policy generally increase usage of ________. a. block grants b. categorical grants c. federal taxes d. federal mandates e. state taxes

d. federal preemption

3. The imposition of national priorities on the states through congressional legislation and imposition of the national supremacy clause is called _________. a. cooperative federalism b. dual federalism c. competitive federalism d. federal preemption e. remedial legislation

b. 10th amendment

3. A state would usually challenge the constitutionality of a federal law under which of the following amendments? a. 8th amendment b. 10th amendment c. 13th amendment d. 14th amendment e. 1st amendment

d. commerce clause

3. The Court has recently overturned a number of congressional laws rooted in the __________. a. national supremacy clause b. reserve clause c. establishment clause d. commerce clause e. free exercise clause

b. By the state legislature

2. How were members of Congress selected under the Articles of Confederation? a. by the state government b. By the state legislature C.by the state supreme court D. by popular election E. By random lot

E. There was no president under the articles of confederation

2. What power did the president have under the Articles of Confederation? A. Power to raise an army B. Power to veto congressional legislation C. Power to negotiate foreign agreement D. Power to nominate federal judges E. There was no president under the articles of confederation

C. Low inequality/ high diversity

2. At the American founding, what is the best way to describe the economic inequality among classes and the economic diversity among regions? A. High inequality/ High diversity B. High inequality/ low diversity C. Low inequality/ high diversity D. Low inequality/ low diversity E. None of the above

C. Have various groups compete against one another in the government

2. Madison argued that the best way to prevent the tyranny of faction was to__ A. Outlaw political parties B. Establish a strong national government C. Have various groups compete against one another in the government D. Establish strong local government E. Try to ensure that all people were equal

B. Allocating power between big and small states

2. The Great Compromise provided solutions to which issues? A. Balancing majority rule with minority right B. Allocating power between big and small states C. Allocating power between the legislature and executive D. Allocating power between national and state government E. determining how to handle slavery

D. Through selection by the legislature

2. How are executives chosen in most other established democracies? A. By popular election B. By electoral college C. Through selection by the judiciary D. Through selection by the legislature E. By the United States

B. Congressional representation; taxation

2. The outcome of the three-fifth compromise was that each enslaved person counted for three-fifths of a person for the purposes of___ and___ A. Voting; taxation B. Congressional representation; taxation C. Voting; congressional representation D. Taxation; congressional appropriations E. Congressional representation; agricultural subsides

D. Anti federalists

2. What groups was concerned about the Constitution’s provisions for the strength of the president and the lack of specific guarantees of civil liberties. A. Tories B. Unionist C. Federalist D. Anti federalists E. Free soilers

B. Federalist papers

2. A series of arguments originally published in New York newspapers supported the constitution and outlined the political theory behind it. What are these assembled works called? A. Pickwick papers B. Federalist papers C. Antifederalist papers D. Common sense E. The second treatise of government

D. The Congress

2. The “necessary and proper” clause gives flexibility to which part of government? A. The president B. The Supreme Court C. The bureaucracy D. The Congress E. The people

A. The president

2. Which branch has the fewest explicit powers? A. The president B. The Supreme Court C. The bureaucracy D. The congress E. The people

A. The power to veto legislation

2. which of the following negative powers does the president enjoy? A. The power to veto legislation B. The power to freeze judicial salaries C. The power to review the constitutionality of the law D. The power to impeach federal justices E. The power to dissolve congress and call new elections

A. Approval by two-thirds of the members of congress

2. Which route for proposing a congressional amendment has been used for all successful amendments to date? A. Approval by two-thirds of the members of congress B. Approval by a national convention C. Approval by two- thirds of the state legislatures D. Approval by the Supreme Court E. Approval by the president

C. Ratification by three-fourths of the states

2. After an amendment is successfully proposed, what step must occur in order for it to become part of the constitution? A. Signature by the president B. Approval by a national convention C. Ratification by three-fourths of the states D. Nullification by all 50 state legislatures E. A national referendum vote

B. The Supreme Court

2. Which part of government often defines the boundaries of implied powers? A. The president B. The Supreme Court C. The bureaucracy D. The congress E. The people

5. Rights that guarantee individuals freedom from discrimination.

Chap 5 - Civil rights

5. State and local laws that mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the south

Chap 5 - Jim Crow Laws

5. The idea under which some group of people try to rationalize discriminatory policies by claiming that some groups, like women or African Americans, should be denied certain rights for their own safety or well - being

Chap 5 - Protectionism

5. Relating to actions or circumstances that occur "by law," such as the legally enforced segregation of schools in American South before the 1960s

Chap 5 - De Jure

5. Relating to actions or circumstances that occur outside the law or "by fact," such as segregation of schools that resulted from housing patterns and other factors rather than from laws

Chap 5 - De Facto

5. The use of evidence to suggest that differences in the behavior of two groups can rationalize unequal treatment of these groups.

Chap 5 - Rational Basis test

5. The idea that racial segregation was acceptable as long as separate facilities were of equal quality; supported by Plessy v Ferguson and struck down by Brown v Board of Education

Chap 5 - "Separate but equal" Doctrine

5. Declared that race-based school segregation violates the 14th amendment's equal protection clause

Chap 5 - Brown v Board of Education

a. protect against discrimination; are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights

5. The distinction between civil rights and civil liberties is that civil rights ________ while civil liberties ________. a. protect against discrimination; are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights b. are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights; protect against discrimination c. are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights; limit what the government can do to you d. limit what the government can do to you; protect against discrimination e. limit what the government can do to you; are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights

c. limited the expansion of slavery while maintaining the balance of slave states.

5. The Missouri Compromise __________. a. ruled that enslaved people are not protected by the Constitution b. established that three-fifths of the enslaved population could count in a state's population c. limited the expansion of slavery while maintaining the balance of slave states d. gave enslaved people the right to vote e. ended slavery in the south

b. the "separate but equal" doctrine

5. Plessy v Ferguson established ____________. a. the legitimacy of poll taxesb. the "separate but equal" doctrine c. that Jim Crow laws were illegal d. the process of desegregation in the South e. the legality of slavery

e. protectionism

5. The principle of ____________ was used in many court cases to deny women of equal rights. a. matriarchy b. "separate but equal" c. sectionalism d. misandry e. protectionism

e. education and income

5. Most of the differences in voter turnout among Whites relative to racial minorities can be accounted for by __________. a. contemporary Jim Crow laws b. voter purge lists c. voter ID laws d. poll taxes e. education and income

b. large; increasing

5. The gaps between whites and blacks on health measures are ___________ and in many cases ____________. a. large; decreasing b. large; increasing c. small; decreasing d. small; increasing e. small; staying the same

c. African Americans

5. Early in the nation's history, civil rights activism was focused on ________. a. women b. gays and lesbians c. African Americans d. Latinx e. Native Americans

e. the Supreme Court

5. Early in the civil rights movement (before the 1960s) which governmental body provided most of the successes? a. state governments b. Congress c. the presidency d. the bureaucracy e. the Supreme Court

a. is the result of circumstances; is mandated by law

5. The difference between de facto segregation and de jure segregation is that de facto segregation __________, while de jure segregation __________. a. is the result of circumstances ; is mandated by law b. is mandated by law; is the result of circumstances c. applies to racial minorities; applies to women d. applies to women; applies to racial minorities e. applies to all groups; applies to racial minorities

b. strict scrutiny

5. Minorities receive the strongest protection as the "suspect classification" when which test is applied? a. rational basis b. strict scrutiny c. intermediate scrutiny d. privileged interest e. disparate impact

c. eliminated direct obstacles to minority voting in the south

5. The VRA __________. a. established "majority-minority" districts b. established compulsory voter registration for African Americans c. eliminated direct obstacles to minority voting in the South d. barred discrimination in the rental sale of a home e. reduced participation by African Americans in the South

c. weaker

5. Relative to the protection of individuals with disabilities, Congress's track record in protecting gay rights is ________. a. stronger b. about the same c. weaker d. nonexistent e. more focused on job discrimination

d. that race could be used as a "plus factor" in the admissions process

5. What did the care regents of the university of California v Bakke establish? a. that race could play no role in the college admissions process b. that gender could play no role in the college admissions process c. that strict racial quotas in the admissions process were legal d. that race could be used as a "plus factor" in the admissions process e. that gender could be used as a "plus factor" in the admissions process

1. A way to implement decisions through politics

Chap 1 - Government

1. Like minded people trying to influence the government

Chap 1 - Factions

1. Every branch has important powers

Chap 1 - Separation of powers

1. Each branch has powers that control the other branch.

Chap 1 - Checks and balances

1. The division of power between local, state, federal

Chap 1 - Federalism

1. Services or actions (such as protecting the environment) that, once provided to one person, become available to everyone.

Chap 1 - Public goods

1. Situation in which the members of a group would benefit by working together, but each individual is better off refusing to cooperate and reaping benefits from those who do the work.

Chap 1 - Collective action problems

1. The incentive to benefit from others' work without making a contribution, which leads individuals in a collective action situation.

Chap 1 - Free rider problem

1. The process that determines what the government does.

Chap 1 - Politics

1. An economic system based on competition among businesses without government interference.

Chap 1 - Free market

1. Policies, generally favored by Democratic politicians, that use taxation to attempt to create social equality (tax the rich)

Chap 1 - Redistributive tax policies

1. Political conflict in the United States between "red state" Americans and "blue state." (and their ideologies)

Chap 1 - Culture wars

1. A cohesive set of ideas and beliefs used to organize and evaluate the political world.

Chap 1 - Ideology

1. The side of the ideological spectrum defined by support for lower taxes, a free market, and a more limited government. Associated with Republicans.

Chap 1 - Conservative

1. The side of the ideological spectrum defined by support for stronger government programs and more market regulation. Associated with Democrats.

Chap 1 - Liberal

1. Those who prefer very limited government and therefore tend to be conservatives on issues such as social welfare policy, environmental policy, and government funding for education but liberal on issues involving person liberty such as free speech, abortion, and the legalization of drugs.

Chap 1 - Libertarians

1. Unwritten rules and informal agreements among citizens and elected officials about how government and society should operate.

Chap 1 - Norms

1. Government by the people. In most context this means representative democracy in which people elect leaders to enact policy.

Chap 1 - Democracy

1. Political freedom, such as freedom of speech, press, assembly, and religion. These and other legal and due process rights protecting individual's from government control are outlines in the BOR.

Chap 1 - Liberty

1. In the context of American politics, "equality" means equality before the law, political equality (one person, one vote)

Chap 1 - Equality