Bio 1B 3.4 Plant Reproduction

Identify the four whorls of a flower

calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium

what is the calyx?

outermost whorl made of sepals that help protect the bud

what is the corolla?

second world made up of petal

what is the androecium?

third whorl with male reproductive structures, aka the stamen

what is the gynoecium?

innermost whorl with female reproductive structures, aka the carpel

what is a stigma?

the tip of the carpel where the pollen lands to enter the ovary

what is a style?

the neck or stalk of the carpel that leads the pollen into the over

what is an anther?

the part of the stamen that contains pollen grains

what is a filament?

the stalk of the stamen that supports the anther

what's the main difference between perfect and imperfect flowers

perfect flowers are dioecious, imperfect flowers are monoecious

define staminate

imperfect flower that houses only stamens

define carpellate

imperfect flower that houses only carpels

what makes a complete flower?

all four whorls being present

complete flowers are always _________ but _______ flowers aren't always complete

perfect

Describe the production of gametes in angiosperms

the plant goes through meiosis making their respective spores, then they differentiate before fertilization occurs which begins growing another angiosperm

Compare reproduction in angiosperms and gymnosperms

angiosperms use flowers for reproduction, gymnosperms have naked seeds for reproduction

Describe what must occur for plant fertilization

mechanical transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

what is cross-pollination

when a flower uses a pollinator to spread its pollen to another flower

how does cross-pollination happen?

through pollinators like, insects, bats, and birds, the wind and water can also aid cross-pollination

Describe the process that leads to the development of a seed

the flower produces mega and microspores which fertilize and grows into a seed

what are the parts of a seed embryo

cotyledon(s), radicle, hypocotyl

What are the 4 types of fruit?

simple, aggregate, multiple, accessory

how are simple fruits formed?

they're derived from a single ovary

how are aggregate fruits formed?

form from many carpels that fuse together

how are multiple fruits formed?

form from a cluster of flowers called an inflorescence that fuse together

what kind of fruit fall under simple?

berries, drupes, pepos, hesperidium

what kind of fruits fall under accessory?

apples, pears, strawberries

what kind of fruits fall under multiple?

pineapple, mulberry, breadfruit

define apomixis

asexual reproduction to produce seeds without fertilization

self-propagation happens through...

stolons, tubers, or buds on the edges of leaves

plant life spans can....

vary from a few weeks to thousands of years

define monocarpic

plants that flower once in their life time and die soon after

define polycarpic

plants that flower many times in their life

Senescence means...

aging