phlebotomy exam 1

You should never recap a dirty needle, true or false

True

What is an arteriospasm ?

A spontaneous constriction of an artery in response to a sensation such as pain

What are some phlebotomy job types

Supervisor, blood donor, transport

Where do you dispose needles?

In a non poke container

When should you use hand sanitizer and when should you wash your hands?

Hold schittzer after removing gloves, you can wash hands after as well

When should you change your gloves?

Between every patient

Ethical standards

Treating everyone fairly and not forcing them into something they say no to

Plasma vs. Serum

plasma (unclothed blood, contains fibrogen, uses anitcoagulated samples), serum (clotted blood, no fibrogen, use clot tube)

Which anticoagulant should you use in certain situations

Blood bank, black ( western green sedimentation rates), orange (stat)

What color tubes have anticoagulant?

Light blue, lavender, black, green and red

What 2 the amount of blood needed in each tube?

2 and 8.5 mL

What does blood culture set consist of?

A single venipuncture that is infiltrated into both an aerobic bottle and anaerobic bottle

When do you use antiseptic techniques?

Blood culture, venipuncture, arterial puncture

Anemia

A blood disorder, not enough hemoglobin to carry oxygen through RBC’s, can cause patient in the lab to get light headed.

what is the most common way to break the chain of infection?

Hand hygiene

Edema

Excess fluid in the body tissue

What does PPE stand for

Personal protective equipment

Phlebitis

Vein inflammation from blood clot

How many patient identifiers are necessary for proper identification of your patient ?

Two

The purpose of a discard tube is to?

Remove any air in the tubing when using a butterfly (wing collection set)

What tube should you always reject for testing if under or over filled ?

Light blue with Na Citrate anticoagulant, sometimes lavender

Grossly hemolyzed specimens can effect the test results due to the rupturing of

Red blood cells (RBC/Erythrocytes)

True or false, you should never draw an above an IV since the IC fluid can dilute or cause falsely elevated results

True

Palpate means to:

Examine by touch

Firmly anchoring the vein prior to needle insertion is necessary to prevent:

The vein from rolling

Is it important to tie the tourniquet tight enough to help find the vein? True or false

True

The order of draw does not matter especially when it comes to blood culture collection, true or false

False

Peak and trough levels are collected to monitor:

Therapeutic drug levels

Potassium and glucose can be altered if not removed from the cells in a timely matter, true or false

True

What is a aliquot?

A portion of a specimen

What is the process that occur before testing of a specimen?

Pre examinations phase

Legislation that guarantees the privacy of indivisible health information

Health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPPA)

One or more parts taken from a system

Specimen

What is a clinical and laboratory standard institute?

Nonprofit organization that publishes standards and guidelines for clinical laboratory procedures l

Federal regulation governing laboratory that test human specimens

Clinical laboratory improvement amendment

What are the CLIA classifications?

Waived testing, provider-performed microscopy procedures, moderate complexity tests, and high complexity tests

What refers to an infection acquired by a patient as a result of a healthcare procedure, acquired in all healthcare settings, including home care.

Health care -associated infection

A substance such as an anticoagulants clot activator, or preservative added to a blood collection tube

Additive

What is a anticoagulant?

Substance that prevents blood from clotting

Substance that prevents the breakdown of glucose

Antiglycolytic agent

What is a antiseptic?

A substance that inhibits the growth of microorganisms and is used to clean the skin

Clot-promoting substance, such as glass particles, silica, and Celine

Clot activator

What is a evacuated tube?

Blood collection tube containing a premeasured amount of vacuum

Destruction of red blood cells

Hemolyzed

What is plasma?

Liquid portion of unclotted or anticoagulant blood that contains fibrinogen

What is hemostatis?

Stoppage of blood flow from a damage blood vessel

What is The order of the coagulation cascade?

Primary coagulation, secondary hemostasis, fibrin stabilizing and clotting retraction, fibrinlysis

Large, thick- walled blood vessels that propel oxygen-rich blood awayfrom the heart to the capillaries

Arterial blood

What are venous blood?

They are obtained by veins, thinner walls than arteries and carry oxygen -poor blood, co2, and other waste products back to the heart.

Smallest blood vessels, thy consist of a single layer of endothelial cells to allow exchanges of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and tissue cells

Capillary blood

What color does hemolyzed turn into

Pink to red color, indicating RBC destruction

Dark yellow color, indicating the presence of increased bilirubin

icteric

What color does lipemic turn?

Cloudy, milky appearance, indicating the presence of increased lipids

What blood collection set can be used for venipuncture?

Evacuated tube system, a syringe system, or a winged blood collection

What is the method used most frequently for venipuncture?

Evacuated tube system ( ETS)

What is the ratio to blood to liquid sodium citrate critical

9:1

What colors are frequently referred to as serum separator tubes?

Gold, red/gray, red top

Computer identification system

Bar codes

What are basilic even?

Vein located on the underside of the arm near the elbow bone

What term is the bottom number of a blood pressure reading

Diastolic pressure

What is hematoma?

Discoloration of the skin produced by leakage of blood into the tissue

What is informed consent?

Patients right to know the method and risks before agreeing ro treatment

Removal of breast

Mastectomy

Increase in the ratio of formed elements to plasma

Hemoconcentration

What is median cubical even?

Vein located in the center of the intecubital fossa

Small red spots appearing on the skin

Petechiae

Requisition form?

A examination request form detailing orders for patient testing and identification

What is syncope?

Fainting

Clot formed on the inner wall of a vein

Thrombi

What does taut mean?

Pulled lightly or without slack

Indentation of the midarm opposite the elbow

Antecubital fossa

What is another technology to identify patients?

Radio frequency identification (RIFD)

What should you cleanse the site with?

70 percent isopropyl alcohol prep pad

What information must be included on the specimen label ?

Patients first and last name, identification number (inpatient) or date of birth (outpatient), date and time of collection and collector’s initials

Pertaining to requiring oxygen ?

Aerobic

What does anaerobic mean?

Pertaining to requiring an absence of oxygen

What does arteriospasm mean ?

Spontaneous constriction of an artery

Free of contamination by microorganisms

Aseptic

Bacteria in the blood

Bacteremia

What is a chain of custody?

Documentation of the collection and handling of forensic specimens

What is diurnal variation mean?

Normal changes in blood constituent levels at different times of the day

pertaining to legal proceedings

Forensic

What does peak level mean?

Specimen collected when a serum drug level is highest

What does septicemia mean ?

The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the blood

What does steady state mean?

A 20-30 mins period of controlled stable oxygen consumption and no physical exercise

Specimen collected when a serum drug level is lowest

Trough level

Amount of time between the request for a test and the reporting of results

Turnaround time

What does OGTT stand for?

Oral glucose tolerance test

What is a lactose tolerance test?

Evaluates a patient’s ability to digest lactose, a milk sugar