Anatomy and Physiology Unit 1

Explain Proximal/Distal, Medial/Lateral, Superior/Inferior, Prone/Supine

Prone - lying face down Supine - lying face up (rest on image)

When to use proximal/distal vs superior/inferior

Proximal and Distal should be used to describe points on a LIMB

Superior and Inferior are usually used to describe points on the TRUNK

Define the sagittal plane, midsagittal plane, and parasagittal plane

Sagittal = right/left sections

Midsagittal = equal sections

Parasagittal = unequal sections

Define the coronal/frontal plane

Posterior and Anterior sections

Define the transverse plane

Superior and Inferior sections

Define the oblique plane

Passes through the body at an angle that is not a right angle to other planes. "random” plane.

Name the two principal cavities

Dorsal and Ventral body cavities

What smaller cavities make up the dorsal body cavity?

The cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

(they both connect to form the dorsal body cavity)

Define the cranial cavity

It is formed by the bones of the skull, contains brain

Define the vertebral cavity

It is formed by the bones of the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord

What are the two major cavities that form the ventral body cavity?

Thoracic Cavity and Abdominopelvic Cavity

Define the term viscera

Organs withing the ventral body cavity

What cavities make up the thoracic cavity?

Pericardial cavity, right and left pleural cavities. Also contains mediastinum.

note: Pericardial cavity is located in the mediastinum.

What organ does the pericardial cavity contain?

The heart

What organs do the pleural cavities contain?

The lungs

Define the Mediastinum

Mass of tissues between pleural cavities. Contains viscera such as the heart, trachea, and esophagus. It extends from the sternum to vertebral column, neck to diaphragm.

What cavities make up the abdominopelvic cavity?

Abdominal and Pelvic cavities

What organs are in the abdominal cavity?

Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine.

What organs does the pelvic cavity contain?

bladder, part of the large intestine and internal organs of the reproductive system.

What organs are found in the upper right quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Most of the liver, small part of the pancreas, right kidney, gallbladder, colon

What organs are found in the upper left quadrant?

Small part of liver, most of pancreas, small intestine, left kidney, colon, stomach, spleen

What organs are found in the right lower quadrant?

colon, small intestine, right ureter, appendix, right ovary and fallopian tube.

What organs are found in the left lower quadrant?

colon, small intestines, left ureter, left ovary and fallopian tube

Name the 9 abdominopelvic regions

What is a serous membrane?

Thin sheets of epithelium and connective tissue that lines internal cavities not open to outside.

name the four serous membranes

peritoneum, pericardium, pleura, perimetrium

Describe the pericardium

it comers hear and lines mediastinum

describe the pleura

covers lungs and lines thoracic cavity

describe the perimetrium

lines the uterus

what are the two regions of the peritoneum?

Paretal and visceral

describe the parietal peritoneum

it lines the internal body wal

describe the visceral peritoneum

it covers the abdominal organs

What does it mean when an organ is retroperitoneal?

It means that it is outside of the parietal peritoneum. Organs that are retroperitoneal are kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, urinary bladder and parts of the intestine.

label greater omentum, lesser omentum, and mesentery