Bone Quiz #2

axial skeleton

vertical axis of body

what bones are part of the axial skeleton

head, neck, trunk, hyoid bone (under skull), vertebral column, thoracic cage (12 pairs of ribs), sternum

appendicular skeleton

appendages and attachments

what bones are part of the appendicular skeleton

pectoral girdle (shoulders), pelvic girdle (hips), legs, feet, arms, hands

sections of vertebral column

cervical (neck), thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx (tailbone)

cervical

thoracic

lumbar

sacral

coccyx

abnormal spine curvature

may be congenital or a result from disease, poor posture, or unequal muscle pull on spine

true ribs

first 7 ribs - connected directly to sternum by cartilage

false ribs

ribs 8-10 are connected to seventh rib by cartilage, not directly to sternum

floating ribs

11 and 12 are much smaller and don’t connect directly

sternum

ileum

ischium

scapula

clavicle

tarsal

calcaneus

metatarsal

phalanges (feet)

carpals

metacarpals

phalanges (hand)

long bones appearance

longer than they are wide

long bone function

mechanical strength

short bone description

cube shaped

short bone function

multi-directional motion

flat bones description

thin and flat

flat bone function

mechanical protection to soft bone underneath

irregular bone description

complicated shapes that cannot be classified

flat bone function

provides major mechanical support for body, vertebra protects spinal cord

sesamoid bone description

un-named

sesamoid bone function

protects from additional friction and use, can form in palms and soles

humerus

radius

ulna

patella

pubis

femur

tibia

fibula

occipital

frontal

parietal

temporal

maxilla

mandible

nasal

lacrimal

ethmoid

sphenoid

zygomatic

foramen magnum

coronal

sagittal

lambdoid

squamous