Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells

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5 Terms

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What are prokaryotic cells made of? 

  • ONLY 

    • Plasma membrane

    • Genetic material (chromosomes)

    • Ribosomes

    • Cytosol

  • *All cells contain these things

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What are the 2 prokaryotic cell types?

  • Bacteria

  • Archaea

3
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Prokaryotic parts (outside)

  • Cell Wall: sticky layer that helps it stick to surfaces 

  • Cell wall: cell shape, cell protection, permeability

  • Plasma membrane: phosphilipid bilayer

  • Pili: (only some) stick to surfaces

  • Flagella: motion 

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Prokaryotic parts (inside)

  • Free ribosomes - makes proteins

  • Plasmids: circular chunks of DNA, few genes that easily replicated by other bacteria cells

  • Nucleoid: One large circular chunk of DNA. Contains rest of the bacteria’s genes. (No nucleus)

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Eukaryotic cells

  • Internal membranes that:

    • Compartmentalize their function (organelles)

    • Isolate specialized environments (pH, molecules)

    • and to increase surface area for reactions

  • Autotrophic (plant) or heterotrophic (animal)

  • Cell structures/functions vary among tissues and organs of multicellular organisms due to cell differentiation.