a animal pathology final exam - common infections of cats and dogs

Canine distemper virus is also called

Hardpad disease

Canine distemper virus is

Highly contagious, multi-systemic disease, that can affect terrestrial carnivores (principle reservoir host:dogs)

Canine distemper virus is a causative agent of canine infectious respiratory disease abbreviated as

CIRD

Canine distemper is largely preventable through

Vaccination

Young or unvaccinated dogs are most susceptible to

Canine distemper virus

CDV outbreaks in shelters leads to

High mortality

Distemper is transmitted through

Respiratory secretions or droplets (coughs, sneezes)

Clinical signs of canine distemper vary depending on

Age of host, vaccination status of host, and strain of the virus

Clinical signs of canine distemper (respiratory)

Oculonasal discharge, coughing

Clinical signs of canine distemper (gastrointestinal)

Vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite

Clinical signs of canine distemper (neurological)

Seizures and twitching

Clinical signs of canine distemper (dermatologic)

Hyperkeratosis of nasal planing and foot pads

diagnosis of canine distemper using

PCR testing of blood or respiratory secretions

False positives can occur if

Recent vaccination with modified live vaccines

There is no specific treatment therapy

Available for canine distemper virus

Dogs who have not developed neurologic disease generally

have the best prognosis for recovery When it comes to canine distemper

The canine adenoviruses consist of 2 predominant serotypes

CAV-1 (infectious hepatitis) and CAV-2 (tracheobronchitis)

Clinical signs of adenovirus type 2 are respiratory and include

Dry hacking cough, retching, sneezing, watery nasal discharge, pneumonia, inappetence, fever, and lethargy in severe cases

Transmission of adenovirus type 2 are through

Respiratory secretions of droplets such as coughs and sneezes and fomites

CAV-2 can survive on surfaces for at least

7 days

CAV-2 can be treated through

Supportive care- treat cough, secondary infections, keep comfortable

Canine parainfluenza virus is typically

Mild clinical signs but highly contagious

CPIV is not

Canine influenza

CPIV is transmitted through

Respiratory secretions, fomites

Clinical signs of CPIV is

Coughing, low-grade fever, nasal discharge, lack of energy, loss of appetite

Diagnosis for canine distemper include

PCR testing of secretions

Bordetellosis is commonly called

Kennel cough

The bacteria of bordetellosis is

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Bordetellosis is highly contagious but

Typically mild signs and low mortality rate

Bordetellosis is transmitted through

Respiratory secretions and fomites

Clinical signs of Bordetellosis include

Loud, high-pitched cough like goose honk or choking on bone

Diagnosis for Bordetellosis is

PCR testing

Bordetellosis can be treated with

Antibiotic

Bordetellosis can be prevented through

Vaccinations - at least limit the severity and duration of infections

Canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRD) involves

One or more pathogens

One of the most common causes of acute respiratory disease in dogs is

CIRD

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is also called

Parvo

CPV is h

highly contagious, severe clinical signs, potentially fatal

Parvo primarily affects

Young dogs (<6months)

Parvo is one of the most common causes of

Infectious diarrhea in dogs

Parvo is transmitted through

Fecal-oral

Parvo is extremely stable

In environment, can persist for months or years

Viral shedding of parvo can begins

A few days prior to development of clinical signs and can continue for up to two weeks following recovery

Parvo virus affects

Rapidly dividing cells like - lymphoid tissue, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract

Parvovirus replicates in lymphoid tissues resulting in

High viral load then disseminates to bone marrow and germinal epithelium of the intestinal crypts

Parvo effects intestines by

Destroying intestinal villi

Parvo is so devastating because of

Septicemia (bacteria in blood) and dehydration it causes

Clinical signs of parvo that tend to be severe are

Acute vomiting and diarrhea (may or may not have blood), depressed/lethargic, and dehydrated

Puppies under five months old and dogs who have not been vaccinated have the greatest risk of infection when it comes to

Parvo

Parvo can be diagnosed using

In-house ELISA test kits and pcr

False negative for parvo may occur if the level of virus in the sample is low

Early in the course of the disease

Treatment and management of parvo

Swift intensive supportive care

Feline herpesvirus FHV-1 also called

Feline rhinotracheitis

Feline herpes virus (FVH-1) is highly contagious but typically mild signs and the most common cause of

Sneezing and nasal discharge in the cat

Feline herpesvirus is the leading cause of

Feline ocular disease

FHV-1 is common in young cats especially overcrowded environments — cat that is clear from the infection are

Carriers for life

FHV-1 is transmitted through

Ocular, nasal, and oral secretions (direct contact or fomites)

Clinical signs of FHV-1

Upper respiratory symptoms, lethargy, fever, decreased appetite

Feline herpesvirus treatment and management

Antiviral therapy and supportive care

Antiviral therapy for FHV-1

Virostatic (inhibit viral replication)

Prognosis of FHV-1

Cats with acute signs of URD recover within 7-21 days with supportive care - vaccinations may help minimize severity and frequency of signs

Calicivirus is similar to herpes virus by there is more prone to

Oral ulcerations

Panleukopenia is also called

Feline distemper

Panleukopenia virus is

Feline parvovirus and is highly contagious

Transmission of panleukopenia is primarily

Fecal-oral route - highly stable in enviroment so fomites must be considered

Panleukopenia carriers shed the virus for about

14 days

Clinical signs of Panleukopenia

Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, sudden death

PRRS can affect

Pregnant females, unweaned and recently weaned pigs, growing and finishing pigs

PRRSv major economic losses include

Stillborn, abortions, small litters, weak pigs at birth, high preweaning mortality

PRRSv general clinical signs

Fever, anorexia, diarrhea, conjunctivitis (newborn with sticky brown material over eyelids)

Diagnostic testing for pigs with PRRSv

PCR testing of serum, oral fluids, and tissues - confirm with immunohistochemistry (IHC)