Prelims - Lec 1 - Patient Communication and Interaction

Communication by brown

“A transfer of information from one person to another, whether or not it elicits confidence. But the information transferred must be understandable to the receiver. “

Communication by Fred G. Meyer

“It is an intercourse by words, letters or messages.”

Communication by NKEng,2009

An effective exchange of information, ideas and feelings to achieve desirable interpersonal relationships, which will be beneficial to the client’s growth towards a healthy living.”

Verbal Communication

Utilizes the spoken word, either face-to-face or remotely.

Non- Verbal Communication

A form of communication that does not involve words. This type of communication is often conveyed through eye contact, touch and even appearance.

Eye Contact

It is perceived as an expression of interest, concern or honesty.

Touch

It is firm but gentle and reassures the patient that you are both capable and caring

Appearance

This includes having a professional image because it makes an impression to the patients.

Visual Communication

a type of communication that include signs, maps or drawings as well as color or graphic design.

Therapeutic Communication

A process in which the healthcare professional consciously influences a client to a better understanding through verbal or non-verbal communication. This involves specific strategies that convey acceptance and respect that encourage patient to express feelings and ideas.

Introduce self to patient, give explanation on what will be performed, give explanation on what to expect from the examination and technologist

What consists of the communication guidelines?

Proximity

This makes patient feel included and involved.

Listening

This is done to compare or interpret what the speaker is saying without anticipating one’s own responses. The goal here must be to gather accurate information and to understand the feeling and meaning of the message the patient is trying to convey.

Silence

-What is used short periods which allows the patient to arrange his or her thoughts and consider what he/she wants to say?

Restating the Main Idea

This validates the technologists’ interpretation of the message and informs the patient that he/she is being heard.

Reflecting the Main Idea

It keeps the patient as the focus of the communication and allows the patient to explore his/her own feelings about the matter.

Seeking Clarification

It is a form of telling the patient instructions in a different manner so as to provide information and understood better.

Making Observations

It is a communication technique that involves verbalizing the perceived feeling of another person.

Exploring

This happens when questions relating to the problems of the patient are asked to the patient. This may be helpful to pursue the problem by exploring further.

Validating

This happens when speaking to a patient, the radiographer may wish to verify what the patient has reported.

Non-therapeutic communication

Factors that block or destroy the possibility of creating a therapeutic atmosphere in communication.

Judgmental statements

Expressions that convey criticism or evaluation.

Cliché statements

Overused phrases lacking originality or depth.

False Reassurance

Offering insincere or unrealistic comfort.

Defending

Protecting one's own viewpoint rather than listening openly.

Changing the subject

Shifting away from the topic, avoiding meaningful discussion.

Giving advice

Offering solutions without understanding the person's needs.

Subjective interpretation

Imposing personal opinions rather than objective understanding.

Disagreeing

Expressing opposing views, creating tension.

Probing

Invasive questioning that may make the individual uncomfortable.

Demanding an explanation

Pressuring someone to justify their actions, potentially causing defensiveness.

Impaired Hearing

People who have this exhibit levels of impairment that vary from the need to use a high intensity hearing aid to only a mild difficulty with hearing voices in a high or low register.

Deafness

A patient has this if they do not respond to noises or words spoken out of the range of vision, uses lip movements without making a sound or speaks in a flat monotone, points to the ears and mouth while shaking the head in a negative motion, or Uses gestures or writing motions to express the need for paper and pencil.

Impaired Vision

People have this means that they rely on hearing, touch and memory to a much greater extend than do sighted persons.

Aphasia

It is defined as a defect or loss of language function in which comprehension or expression of words is impaired as a result of injury to language centers in the brain.

Special sensitivity

It is needed when caring for adult patients who are mentally or emotionally challenged.

Altered States of Consciousness

This change in the ability to respond, react, and cooperate can result from injury, illness, medication, alcohol or drugs.

Neonate and Infant (Birth to 1 year)

During this stage, infant behavior is mostly reflexive and is influenced by face, voice and touch. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the tone of voice and facial expression when approaching a neonate. A smiling face and soothing voice will usually elicit a reflexive smile.

Toddler (1 -2 years)

Beginning to communicate using two - and three -word sentences. They are greatly attached to their parents but are also beginning to assert independence because they are mobile and have the ability to do more for themselves.

temper tantrums

Resistance to control by parents or healthcare workers can result in what?

Preschooler (3 -5 years)

They demonstrate increased independence. They are conversational and able to share information. They can cooperate more fully, but they also fear a loss of self- control and need to make valid choices even more than do adults.

School -Age (6 -12 years)

They are in this age group who can think logically about anything that can be touched and seen.

Adolescent (13 -18 years)

Special sensitivity is required to deal with the emotional needs of these group. They tend to be frightened and confused when ill or in stressful situations. Showing empathy to them would somehow alleviate their distress.

Young Adult (19-45 years)

They are in a group who searching for and finding their place in society.

Middle Adult (46 -64 Years)

This group may be experiencing lifestyle changes that affect them physically and cognitively.

Late (65 -79 years) and Old Adult (80 years and older)

Patient groups that may require special attention because of the sensory deficits that often accompany aging.

DABDA

“Grieving Process”

Denial

Refusal to accept the truth

Anger

Expression of frustration and feeling of outrage.

Bargaining

Attempt to earn forgiveness or mitigation of the loss by being “very good.”

Depression

Expression of being acquiescent, quiet and withdrawn

Acceptance

Accepts the loss or impending death and deals with life and relationships on a more realistic, day-to-day basis