Reconstruction Unit review

Abraham Lincoln

President who created Lincoln's plan (1863).

Andrew Johnson

Replaced Abraham Lincoln after he died.

Ulysses S. Grant

Created the Grant Administration.

Edwin Stanton

Fired by Andrew Johnson; barricaded himself in his office after being fired by Johnson.

Alexander Stephens

One of the former Confederate leaders who took power in the South.

Booker T. Washington

Tuskegee Institute - one of the most important HBCU's founded during Reconstruction.

Ida Wells

Created the Anti-lynching movement.

George Washington Carver

Inventor and scientist. Encouraged farming of sweet potatoes and peanuts, which enriched the soil and had thousands of uses.

W. E. B. DuBois

Created the N.A.A.C.P. (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People).

Reconstruction

The time after the Civil War in which the South was rebuilt politically and economically.

Supermajority

People elected 75% of republican congress.

Freedman's Bureau

Tried to help former slaves adjust to freedom.

Tenure of Office Act

President had to ask the Senate's permission to fire a cabinet member.

KKK

Some southerners created secret societies to protect 'white rights'.

13th Amendment

Ended slavery.

14th Amendment

Citizenship amendment.

15th Amendment

Black men could vote.

Amnesty

An official pardon or a government decision to forgive a group of people for past offenses.

Disenfranchisement

Loss of civil rights, including voting.

Carpetbaggers

Northerners who traveled south during Reconstruction; Southerners believed they were taking advantage of the situation.

Scalawags

Southerners who supported Reconstruction; seen as traitors.

Poll tax

Tax on voting.

Segregation

Separating black people from white people.

Jim Crow Laws

Laws created to separate the races in public.

Lost Cause

Ideology that reimagines the American Civil War to portray the Confederate cause as noble and heroic rather than centered on slavery.

Sharecropping

Form of economic slavery, where people could borrow against next year's harvest to pay this year's rent.

Tammany Hall

The most famous political machine.

Solid South

Dominated by democrats in each state.

Exacerbate

To make more violent.

Lynching

To hang.

Hiram Revels

First African American senator.

Frederick Douglass

Abolitionist who also led the early civil rights movement and campaigned for the 15th Amendment.

Lincoln's Plan

President would appoint military governors for conquered areas, Amnesty to all Southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the Union, and when 10% of the state's voters took the oath of loyalty, then the state could reorganize the state government.

Johnson's Plan

The President nominates a military governor, Amnesty to all Confederates whose property value was less than $20,000, ratify the 13th Amendment (ended slavery), 50% of voters needed to take the oath of loyalty to reorganize the state government.

Military Reconstruction Act

Divided the South into 5 regions, each ruled by a Union general. States would design a brand new constitution and adopt the 14th Amendment. States had to protect the rights of African Americans, and Union troops would keep order.