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What is the habitat?
the place where an organism lives
What is a population?
All the organisms of one species in a habitat
What is a community?
a group of different species in a habitat
What is an ecosystem?
all of the living and nonliving things interacting in an area (animals, climate)
What are abiotic factors, can you give examples?
non living factors that affect organisms
- environmental conditions (light, temperature)
- toxic chemicals (pesticides)
What are biotic factors, can you give examples?
living factors that affect organisms
- predators
- competition for food/ amount of food
What is a way to measure the population size of an organism in an area?
- mark out an small area divide it into squares (quadrats)
- pick at random a quadrat and count the amount of that species
- repeat this more times and calculate the average per quadrat
- if you have a very large area find the average amount per meter squared and scale it to the area
What is the order of the food chain?
producers - secondary consumer - primary consumers - tertiary consumers
What are the levels of the food chain called?
trophic levels
How would a pyramid of number look?
How would a pyramid of biomass look?
- it uses dry mas (mass without water)
- dandelions is the most as all dandelions would have the most mass
- fleas despite there being a lot don't have a big mass
In the food chain how to producers get energy?
they get there energy from the sun
How is energy loosed whilst through the food chain, give three examples?
- respiration
- heat transfer
- not all of the organism is consumed
What do food webs do?
they show how food chains are linked
What happens if one organism species dies in a food chain?
it can affect the other organism as ones population may increase and ones may decrease
What is the carbon cycle?
it is the process of how carbon is used and recycled
In the carbon cycle what is the way carbon is taken from our environment?
photosynthesis
What are the 4 ways carbon is put into our atmosphere for the carbon cycle?
- respiration in plants and animals
- micro organisms break down the organisms which releases there carbon in them
- micro organisms respiring whilst breaking down things
- burning things (combustion)
How do decomposers work?
- when plants and animals die they are broken down by micro organisms
- decomposers release an enzyme which catalyzes the breakdown of organisms
What are 2 examples of decomposers?
bacteria and fungi
What gas is formed when fossil fuels are burnt and why is it bad, whats some sources?
carbon monoxide,
if it combines with the hemoglobin it prevents them from carrying oxygen
car emissions
How have cars been adapted to prevent the poisonous gas carbon monoxide?
they have catalic converters which change the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide
Apart from carbon monoxide what is a gas made when fossil fuels are burns and why is it bad?
sulfur dioxide
when this gas mixes with the clouds it makes dilute sulfuric acid
this makes acid rain
How does acid rain impact environments?
- kills trees and plants by making the soil to acidic
- kills fish as they cant live in water with too high of a PH
Describe the greenhouse affect?
the sun emmits heat, this heat reflects of earth and is re absorbed and radiated by the gases in the atmosphere
- the gases radiate the heat in all direction so some is lost in space
- greenhouse gases are the gases that do this
What are the 4 greenhouse gases?
- carbon dioxide (combustion)
- methane (cow farts)
- nitrous oxide (fertilizer)
- CFCs (deodorant)
describe how fertiliser causes problems.
when it rains the nitrates and phosphates go in water
this makes plants like algae grow which blocks out the light
plants then die and there is less food available, less oxygen is also there
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