psychology: Cognition Q3

phenomes

smallest unit of sound

Morphemes

the smallest meaningful units of language

language acquisition stages

1. Babbling

2. holophrastic

3. telegraphic

babbling stage

4 Months utter sounds.

holophrastic stage

1 yr/old, one-word stage

telephrastic stage

1.5yr (18months), combine words w/out grammar

nativist theory of language

Noam Chomsky: innate ability to learn language & critical time to learn the skill or the child will suffer from the consequence long term

linguistic relativity theory

Benjamin Whorf: language limits thought

heuristics

Mental shortcuts for a solution (simple judgement)

Overconfidence

overestimate our predictions' accuracy

belief bias

draw conclusions based on preexisting beliefs and deny opposing ideas

Belief Perseverance

tendency to believe smt even when evidence proved it wrong

confirmation bias

to search for info that confirms one's belief & ignore others

Framing

the way an issue is posed (presented)

convergent thinking

a type way of thinking that leads to 1 solutions (narrow)

divergent thinking

type of thinking that finds number of solutions (creative)

Anterogade amnesia

inability to form new memories

Retrogade amnesia

loss of memories from past

proactive interference

disruption of old info on the recall of new info

retroactive interference

disruption of new info on the recall of old info