KEY CONTEXTUAL FOR PROSE
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77 Terms
who did Roger Casement work for?
British Foreign Office
Who was Roger Casement?
Journalist and Humanitarian
What did Conrad do in the Congo?
river boat captain
What did Roger Casement do during his time in the Congo?
he wrote a report on the Congo Free State
when did Conrad and Casement meet?
1890
They were part of what movement?
Free Congo Movement
how can the novel be read as?
semi-autobiographical (Marlow = Conrad)
who wrote The White Man’s Burden?
Rudyard Kipling
what does Kipling call Britain?
the centre of the world - there is no true ‘west’ and ‘east’
what was the private colony in the Congo called?
the Congo Free State
who owned the Congo Free State?
Leopold II
the venture to the Congo by Leopold was a part of what period?
the scramble for Africa
how many were killed in the Congo?
10 million
the colony was not owned by who?
the state
why were hands and feet were severed?
for soldiers to make extra money so they could take back the bullets
what was the main export from the Congo at the time?
extractions of rubber
who called Conrad a ‘bloody racist’?
Chinua Achebe
when did he call him a racist?
during his 1975 lecture at the Uni of Massachusetts
Achebe also claimed Conrad used Africa as a …… for Marlow’s journey
dream-like backdrop
Conrad portrays the Europeans as of the …. and Africans deemed depthless and of the ….
mind / body
who created the idea of ‘The Great Year’?
WB Yeats
what was the main idea of the great year?
spirals of historical change called gyres
WB Yeats believed in the second…
coming of civilisation
Yeats argues time is a …. rather than ….
cycle / linear
Yeats believes that the 100 years of Christian ideology witll….
die and something new will be born of it
Yeats follows the concept of the turning of…
the tide - the sea and its currents / pull of the moon and it’s cycles / light and dark
what is the article by Caroline Malala Corbine?
Terrorists are always Muslim but Never White
what speech led to the war in Iraq?
Tony Blair’s speech of weapons of mass destruction
Muslim terrorist attacks take up ...% more airtime than any other terrorism reported
44%
…% of US news stories which focus on Muslims are about ISIS or other militant groups
75%
what was a great part of Trump’s tactics for his first administration?
racially charged politics - concept of ‘divide and conquer’
what two slogans were used that show this racially charged politics in both the UK and the US?
“Stop the Boats” / “Make America Great Again”
the ……. of the white Westerners in the media in regards to terrorism
victimisation
what started after multiple terrorist attacks in the West?
the war on terror
after what two events were there changes to the law?
7/7 bombings and 9/11
the West has prolonged interference in the…
East and overseas
there was a rise in what after the attacks?
religious fundamentalism
who gained global prominence as the most prominent jihadist threat to Western security?
ISIS
what two acts were passed in the UK after the 7/7 bombings?
Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001 followed by the Terrorism Act of 2006
what did both these acts do?
broadened the definitions of what constitutes as a ‘terrorism’ offence
increased the powers of the state to detain suspects - allowed to take more drastic measures
what was challenged for its infringements on human rights as well as its tendency to persecute Muslims?
Prevent Strategy
who left Britain to become a Jihadi bride?
Shamima Begum
when did she leave Britain?
2015
when did she ask to return?
2019
who was Sajid Javid?
British Conservative politician who held position of Home Secretary
what did Sajid Javid do when Begum asked to return?
revoked her citizenship
what did Begum argue happened to her?
she was forced by her husband to leave the country
she was deemed harmful to who?
the british state
Karamat Lone was believed to be inspired by who?
Sajid Javid
when did the Syrian Civil War begin?
2011
who fought who?
rebel groups VS president al-Assad
during the war ISIS took over parts of Syria declaring it a….
Caliphate
who backed rebel groups?
US and UK
the war led to a rise in…
Islamophobia
negative media portrayal
heightened surveillance
pressure to ‘prove loyalty’
who wrote the article on the “Insecurity State”?
Michael C. Frank
what does Michael C. Frank explore?
how post-9/11 anti terrorist laws in the UK disproportionality target British Muslims crating an “insecurity state” - police ‘ensuring safety’ are increasing fear and exclusion
British Muslims become an internal …. - Britishness is questioned
other
Frank claims there i what kind of justice system?
Two-tiered justice systems - Parvaiz / Shamima Begum
White extremists are often not labelled terrorists, rather they are deemed…
mentally ill or ‘lone wolves’ – racial double standards on how violence in interpreted
what shaped the public’s under standing of terrorism?
an unconscious bias and white privilege
Home Fire criticises how British politics use what to control, shame, or silence voices of marginalised groups?
fear
the novel challenges readers to think about who could be creating more insecurity?
the state itself
what is Home Fire based on?
the Greek story of Antigone
who wrote Antigone?
Sophocles
how is this influence shown in the novel?
five part narrative structure of a Greek tragedy and character names
in Antigone the dead brother is dead throughout the play, but in Home Fire he is…
given a voice from the beginning
postcolonial retellings often give a voice to…
the voiceless and give an unheard perspective - recentring the marginalised
Isma in Home Fire is who in Antigone?
Ismini
Aneeka poses as….
Antigone
Karamat poses as…
Creon
what poem relates to the idea of recentring the marginalised?
Derek Wallcott’s Omeros
what was Wallcott’s inspiration for the poem, it is a take on what?
on the Odyssey
how does Wallcott retell the narrative of the Odessey?
makes a protagonist of a marginal character in the Odyssey who has a wounded festering leg he is left on an Island to die – Wallcott takes the wounded and helpless and makes it the centre and gives it a voice
how does Shamsie do the same thing?
she gives a voice to Parvaiz, an otherwise forgotten narrative as the radicalised terrorist boy, he is allowed to explain his experience
how do we hear Parvaiz’ story?
through Western media and fist hand accounts - multiple viewpoints
during writing the novel Shamsie had to get who to do her research for the novel and why?
her white friends who would research extremism - “GWM - Googling while Muslim”
there are other direct references to which terrorists?
Jihadi John and Sean Foley