Upper Extremity ANATOMY Test Review #1

Anatomy of the finger, thumb, hand, wrist, forearm, elbow, and humerus

How many bones in total are found in the hand?

27 bones

How many digits are found in each hand?

14 digits are found in each hand

How many metacarpals are found in each hand?

5 metacarpals are found in each hand

How many carpal bones are found in each hand?

8 carpal bones

What are the 4 parts of the phalanges?

proximal, middle, distal phalanx, and terminal tuft

What portion of the finger is A

Proximal Phalanx

What portion of the finger is B

Middle Phalanx

What portion of the finger is C

Distal Phalanx

What portion of the finger is D

Terminal Tuft

What is A and its significance?

Base:

• Proximal portion

• articulates with the metacarpals

• form joint space

• knuckles

What is B

BODY

What is C and its significance?

Head

• Distal portion

• articulates with the corresponding phalanx

What does the thumb not have compared to the other phalanges?

does not have a middle body

The phalanges are numbered from 1-5. Which finger do we start from and end with?

thumb —> pinky

What are metacarpals?

the bones in the palms of the hand

Just like the phalanges, the metacarpals also have

base, body, and head

What do the heads of the metacarpals articulate with?

the base of the phalanges to form a joint space

What do the BASES of the metacarpals articulate with?

articulate with the carpal bones

What type of classification do metacarpal bones fall under?

miniature long bones

What type of classification do carpal bones fall under?

short bones

irregular shaped

What bones are found in the carpal bones?

Know their other names

Scared Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle

Proximal Row

• Scaphoid (navicular)

• Lunate (crescent shaped)

• Triquetrum (triangular shaped)

• Pisiform (P shaped)

Distal Row

• Trapezium (Greater Multangular)

• Trapezoid (Lesser Multangular)

• Capitate (Os Magnum)

• Hamate (Unciform)

What is important to know about the SCAPHOID bone

Most commonly fractured carpal bone

largest bone in the PROXIMAL row

What does the Scaphoid and Lunate carpal bones articulate with

Radius

What carpal bone is in between the Scaphoid and Triquetrum bone?

Lunate

What carpal bone is in between the Lunate and Pisiform?

Triquterum

Where does the pisiform lie in regards to the triquetrum?

The pisiform lies anteriorly to the triquetrum

What is on the surface of the trapezium?

tubercules and grooves on the anterior surface.

What does the trapezium articulate with?

thumb

base of the first metatarsal

What kind of joint does the trapezium and base of first metacarpal form?

saddle/seller joint

What is special about the Capitate carpal bone?

it is the largest of all carpal bones

What does the capitate carpal bone articulate with?

base of the third metacarpal

What is the hook like process on the hamate carpal bone called?

hamulus

What is A pointing to

Scaphoid (navicular)

What is B pointing to

Lunate

What is C pointing to

Triquetrum

What is D pointing to

Pisiform

What is A pointing to

Hamate (unciform)

What is B pointing to

Capitate (Os magnum)

What is D pointing to

Trapezoid (Lesser Multangular)

What is C pointing to

Trapezium (Greater Multangular)

Interphalangeal joints are broken down into

proximal and distal (PIP and DIP)

Interphalangeal joints are articulations between

phalanges

How are Interphalangeal joints identified by

location and digit number

What joint classification do Interphalangeal joints fall under?

hinge or ginglymus joint

flexion and extension

Do thumbs have IP, DIP, or, PIP joints

IP: all other fingers have pips and dips.

What type of joint is indicated by the blue color?

Metacarpophalangeal Joints

What type of joint is indicated by the yellow color?

IP: DIP and PIP

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints are articulations between

heads of the metacarpals and the bases of the proximal phalanges

How are Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) identified?

numbered by 1-5

What joint classification do Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints fall under?

ellipsoid/condylar joints

Intermetacarpal joints are articulations between

the bases of the metacarpals

What joint classification do Intermetacarpal joints fall under?

gliding/plane joints

Carpometacarpal joints (CMC) are articulations between

bases of the metacarpals and the distal row of carpals

What is the first CMC joint classified as?

Saddle/seller joint: base of the thumb metacarpal and trapezium

What is the 2-4 CMC joint classified as?

gliding/plane joints

Which joint is indicated by the green color?

CMC joints

Which joint is indicated by the red color?

Radiocarpal joints

Intercarpal joints are articulations between

carpal bones

What type of joint classification do intercarpal bones fall under?

plane/gliding joints

Radiocarpal joints are articulations between

the distal radius and carpal bones

Which carpal bones specifically articulate with the radius

triquetrum, scaphoid, and lunate

What type of joint classification do radiocarpal joints fall under?

ellipsoid/condylar

What is another name for carpal tunnel?

carpal sulcus

What is the carpal tunnel?

concave groove on the anterior surface of the hand and its formed by the ligament called the flexor retinaculum

What is the flexor retinaculum laterally attached to?

scaphoid and trapezium

What is the flexor retinaculum medially attached to?

pisiform and the hook of the hamate (hamulus)

What does the flexor retinaculum form?

forms a tunnel for blood vessels, nerves, and tendons to pass through.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

nerves running through the carpal tunnel is compressed thus causing pain

can be caused by repetitive motion

Sesamoid bones

small, rounded masses boney tissue that develop around tendons

Where can you find sesamoid bones in the hand?

around the thumb

What is the anatomical snuff box also called

Radial Fossa

What is the anatomical snuff box?

deepening of the radial aspect of the hand

Which carpal bones form the floor of the radial fossa?

scaphoid and trapezium

What is pointed at A?

Distal Interphalangeal joint (DIP)

What is pointed at B?

Proximal Interphalangeal joint (PIP)

What is pointed at C?

Phalanges

What is pointed at D?

Metacarpals

What is pointed at E?

carpals

What is pointed at F?

Distal phalanx

What is pointed at G?

middle phalanx

What is pointed at H?

proximal phalanx

What is pointed at I?

metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP)

What is pointed at J?

sesamoid bone

What is pointed at K?

radius

What is pointed at L?

ulna

Where is a Bennett Fracture located

base of the 1st metacarpals

What causes a Bennett fracture?

force on the thumb

Which fracture is this?

Bennett Fracture

Where is a Boxers fracture located?

fracture on the 5th metacarpal

Which fracture is this?

Boxer Fracture

Where is the Colle’s wrist fracture located?

fracture of the distal radius and the ulnar styloid with a posterior displacement

What causes a Colle’s wrist fracture

usually caused by old ppl falling backwards

Which fracture is this?

Colle’s fracture

Where is a Smith wrist fracture located

fracture of the distal radius and the ulnar styloid with an anterior displacement

also known as a reverse collie’s fracture

Which fracture is this?

Smiths fracture

Where is a torus or buckle fracture located?

impacted fracture with bulging of the periosteum

most common in the distal radius and ulna

common in children

Which fracture is this?

torus/buckle fracture