Chapter 18 & 19 Review

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

What is the study of microorganisms called?

1 / 62

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

63 Terms

1

What is the study of microorganisms called?

Microbiology.

New cards
2

Who is referred to as the 'Father of Microbiology'?

Louis Pasteur.

New cards
3

What major contribution did Louis Pasteur make to the wine industry?

He showed that spoiled wine contained acid-producing bacteria.

New cards
4

List the four major groups of microorganisms.

(1) Bacteria, (2) Protozoa, (3) Fungi, (4) Viruses.

New cards
5

What are the two additional groups of microorganisms besides the major four?

Rickettsia and algae.

New cards
6

What are the three shapes of bacteria?

(1) Spherical (cocci), (2) Rod (bacilli), (3) Spiral (spirochetes).

New cards
7

What is a rod-shaped bacterium called?

Bacillus.

New cards
8

What characterizes Gram-positive bacteria?

They hold the violet stain due to a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

New cards
9

What color do Gram-negative bacteria appear when stained?

Pink to red.

New cards
10

What are bacteria that are not consistently stained classified as?

Gram variable.

New cards
11

What are aerobes?

Bacteria that require oxygen to grow.

New cards
12

What are anaerobes?

Bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen and are destroyed by oxygen.

New cards
13

What do some bacteria change into under harsh conditions for protection?

Spores.

New cards
14

What defines protozoa?

Single-cell organisms with a complex internal structure, either free-living or parasitic.

New cards
15

What do fungi lack?

Chlorophyll.

New cards
16

What is Candida?

A common yeast found in the oral cavity.

New cards
17

What causes oral candidiasis?

The yeast Candida albicans.

New cards
18

Where can viruses live and multiply?

Inside an appropriate host cell.

New cards
19

What are symptoms of viral hepatitis?

Tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, clay-colored bowel movements, jaundice.

New cards
20

How long can HBV survive outside the body?

At least 7 days.

New cards
21

Is the HBV vaccine safe for pregnant women?

Yes.

New cards
22

What does HIV infection impact?

The body's immune system.

New cards
23

What does herpes simplex virus type 1 commonly cause?

Recurrent sores on the lips (cold sores).

New cards
24

What does HZV cause?

Chickenpox and herpes zoster (shingles).

New cards
25

Name three types of influenza.

(1) Seasonal flu, (2) H1N1 flu, (3) Pandemic flu.

New cards
26

What bacterium causes tuberculosis?

M. tuberculosis.

New cards
27

What characterizes the first stage of syphilis?

The presence of a painless ulcerating sore known as a chancre.

New cards
28

What are prions?

Small proteinaceous infectious particles.

New cards
29

List the components of the chain of infections.

(1) Number of microorganisms, (2) Virulence strength, (3) Susceptibility of the host, (4) Portal of entry.

New cards
30

What does virulence mean?

The degree of pathogenicity or strength of an organism to cause disease.

New cards
31

What qualifies as an infectious disease?

A communicable or contagious disease.

New cards
32

What does spatter consist of?

Larger droplet particles contaminated by blood, saliva, and debris.

New cards
33

What does parenteral transmission mean?

Transmission through the skin, such as cuts or punctures.

New cards
34

What occurs through needle stick injuries and human bites?

Parenteral transmission.

New cards
35

What is fecal-oral transmission most common among?

Healthcare and daycare workers (frequently change diapers).

New cards
36

What is a latent infection?

A persistent infection where symptoms come and go.

New cards
37

What is immunity?

The ability of the body to resist disease.

New cards
38

What is inherited immunity?

Immunity present at birth.

New cards
39

What is acquired immunity?

Immunity developed during a person’s lifetime.

New cards
40

How does acquired immunity occur?

Acquired immunity occurs naturally through exposure to pathogens or artificially via vaccinations.

New cards
41

Artificially acquired immunity

The body forms antibodies in response to the vaccine.

New cards
42

What is the purpose of Universal Precautions?

To treat every patient as if they are infected with a blood-borne disease.

New cards
43

What do Standard Precautions protect healthcare providers from?

Pathogens from blood and body fluids.

New cards
44

What surfaces do droplet infections affect?

Mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, and mouth.

New cards
45

What can waterborne organisms do in dental units?

Colonize the inside of dental unit waterlines and form biofilm.

New cards
46

What defines BBP?

An occupational exposure.

New cards
47

What does hand hygiene involve?

Handwashing, use of antiseptic hand rub, or surgical hand antisepsis.

New cards
48

What is the recommended duration for handwashing?

20-30 seconds.

New cards
49

In between patient wash?

10 seconds.

New cards
50

When should hands be washed according to hand hygiene guidelines?

Before putting on gloves and immediately after removing gloves.

New cards
51

What type of soap should be used during handwashing?

Liquid soap.

New cards
52

When are alcohol-based hand rubs not indicated?

If your hands are visibly soiled or contaminated with organic matter.

New cards
53

What is personal protective equipment (PPE) used for?

To protect against splash, spatter, aerosol, or contact with body fluids.

New cards
54

What is one example of PPE?

Protective clothing, surgical masks, face shields, protective eyewear, disposable gloves.

New cards
55

How should PPE be removed?

In reverse order of what is changed most frequently throughout the day.

New cards
56

What is the purpose of wearing a mask in dental settings?

To protect from inhaling infectious organisms spread by aerosol.

New cards
57

What filtration must an mask provide?

Between 3-5 μm and 95%.

New cards
58

What are the common types of gloves used in a dental office?

Medical examination gloves, overgloves, sterile gloves, utility gloves.

New cards
59

Vinyl or nitrile (latex-free) and are often referred to as “examination gloves” or “procedure gloves.

Medical examination gloves

New cards
60

Known as “food handler gloves,” are made of lightweight, inexpensive, clear plastic. 

Overgloves

New cards
61

What type of gloves are typically used for invasive procedures?

Sterile gloves.

New cards
62

What are utility gloves used for?

Cleaning and disinfecting treatment rooms, handling contaminated instruments.

New cards
63

What allergies can result from latex gloves?

Irritant dermatitis, Type I and Type IV allergies.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 94 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 433 people
... ago
5.0(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 33 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 28 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 32 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 29 people
... ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (121)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (84)
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 16 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (27)
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (83)
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (53)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (48)
studied byStudied by 50 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (24)
studied byStudied by 16 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot