CH11 Biochem

requires

Pt, Pd or Ni

and Heat or pressure

Hydrogenation

Nitrobenzene

benzoic acid

benzaldehyde

toluene

phenol

aniline

anisole

xylene

Cresol

If two groups are next to each other on a benzene ring it is called…

ortho

if two groups are separated by one carbon atom on a benzene ring it is called…

meta

if two groups are two carbons apart on a benzene ring it is called..

para

the group derived by removing one hydrogen from benzene (—C6H5) is called the

phenyl group

benzyl group

benzyl chloride

benzyl alcohol

benzene most often goes through

substitution reactions

when benzene reacts with Cl2 or Br2 in substitution reactions. the catalysts are..

iron or iron halide (FeBr3)

when benzene reacts with sulfur trioxide by substitution the catalyst is

H2SO4

Benzenesulfonic acid

When benzene reacts with sulfur trioxide by substitution, two of the 3 oxygens on S are..

double bonded

HNO3

nitric acid

when benzene and sulfur trioxide substitute react the product is called

benzenesulfonic acid

when benzene reacts with nitric acid the catalysts are

H2SO4

Benzenesulfonic acid

and a High Temperature (50-55 degrees celsius)

a compound that has at least one atom other than carbon as part of the structure of the aromatic ring

heterocyclic aromatic compound

primary alcohol

tertiary alcohol

secondary alcohol

primary alcohols..

can be oxidized

secondary alcohols…

can be oxidized

aldehydes..

can be oxidized

tertiary alcohols…

cannot be oxidized

ketones…

cannot be oxidized

carboxylic acids

cannot be oxidized

ethers..

cannot be oxidized

CO2…

cannot be oxidized

small molecules (4-5 carbons) with a hydrogen bonding functional groups..

are water soluble

large molecules (6-8+ carbons) with non polar functional groups…

are water insoluble

the H molecules in this condensed formula are freely rotating. this means that…

they cannot be considers cis or trans.

Tollens reagent (silver mirror) test gives a positive result when _____ is present

aldehyde

benzaldehyde

acetic acid

isopropyl alcohol

glycerol or glyerin

formaldehyde

acetone

acetaldehyde

formic acid

acid found in vinegar

acetic acid

found in oranges and lemons

citric acid

term for ‘pain reducer’

analgesic

corrosive solid found in some acne creams

phenol

process for making ethanol from grains

fermentation

-COOR functional group

ester

-CONH2 functional group

amide