Gendered Language and Lakoff's Theory

These flashcards cover critical concepts related to Robin Lakoff's theories on gendered language, criticisms of her work, and subsequent studies that re-evaluated her claims.

Robin Lakoff

A linguist who suggested that women exhibit specific speech patterns distinct from men.

Minimal responses

Vocal affirmations such as 'mm' and 'yeah' used by listeners.

Hyper-correct grammar

The use of Standard English and clear enunciation by individuals.

Pitch range

The variation in vocal pitch, with women typically using a higher range.

Qualifiers

Phrases such as 'I think that…' that express uncertainty.

Hedge

Phrases that soften statements, like 'sort of' or 'kind of'.

Super-polite forms

Polite requests like 'Would you mind?' or 'I'd appreciate it if…'

Tag questions

Questions added at the end of statements for confirmation, e.g., 'You're going to dinner, aren’t you?'

Empty adjectives

Adjectives like 'lovely' or 'adorable' that convey subjective evaluations.

Indictive speech

Using statements that imply suppliance, e.g., asking indirect commands.

Criticism of Lakoff

Observations made by Lakoff were criticized for being generalized and lacking empirical evidence.

Powerless language

The term coined by O'Barr and Atkins to describe language features attributed to women in powerless contexts.

Courtroom language study

O'Barr and Atkins analyzed language use in court to challenge Lakoff's theories.

Lakoff's observations

Features of women's language identified by Lakoff that may not apply universally and are questioned by critics.

Do women lack humor?

An assertion made by Lakoff, suggesting women do not tell jokes well.

Indirect commands

Requests made indirectly, such as implying a need for a favor through a statement.