The Beginning of the Philippine Revolution Notes

Jose Rizal's Stance

Jose Rizal declined the invitation to lead the revolution and strongly opposed its initiation due to the Katipunan's unpreparedness.

Reasons for Opposition

Lacked a capable military leader, support from wealthy Filipinos, and sufficient weapons to combat the Spanish forces.

Antonio Luna

Recommended by Rizal for a leadership role, but he also declined due to doubts about an armed revolution's correctness.

Weapon Acquisition

Tito Miguel and Roman Ramos were responsible for smuggling weapons from Spanish arsenals to assist the Katipunan.

The Discovery of Katipunan

The organization was discovered after an argument between Teodoro Patiño and Apolonio de la Cruz.

The Information Leak

Teodoro Patiño revealed the existence and secrets of the Katipunan to Father Mariano Gil.

Consequences of Discovery

Those accused of being affiliated with the Katipunan faced arrest, imprisonment, and execution.

The Cry of Pugad Lawin

Members of the Katipunan declared a revolt against the Spanish government, symbolized by tearing their 'cedula personal'.

Strategic Attack Plans

The Katipuneros planned to secure Polvorin and El Deposito for weapons and clean water, respectively.

Martial Law

Governor General Ramon Blanco declared martial law in response to the revolution.

The Execution of Jose Rizal

Rizal was arrested, accused of instigating the revolution, and executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896.

Factional Conflict

The Katipunan split into two factions: Magdalo (led by Baldomero Aguinaldo) and Magdiwang (led by Mariano Alvarez).

Tejeros Convention

A revolutionary government was established; Emilio Aguinaldo was elected president, and Andres Bonifacio as Director of the Interior.

The Assassination of Andres Bonifacio

Aguinaldo ordered Bonifacio's arrest; Bonifacio was found guilty of treason and executed.

The Republic and Pact of Biak-na-Bato

Aguinaldo's forces retreated and established a republic, leading to a ceasefire agreement with the Spaniards.

Women of the Revolution

Key women included Gregoria de Jesus, Marina Dizon, Melchora Aquino, Teresa Magbanua, and Trinidad Tecson, who contributed significantly to the movement.

Jose Rizal

Opposed the initiation of the revolution, believing the Katipunan wasn't prepared.

Katipunan

A secret organization that aimed to achieve independence from Spanish rule.

Antonio Luna

Recommended by Rizal for leadership but also opposed armed revolution.

Tito Miguel

One of the individuals responsible for smuggling weapons for the Katipunan.

Roman Ramos

Co-conspirator in weapon smuggling to assist the Katipunan.

Teodoro Patiño

His argument led to the revelation of the Katipunan's existence.

Father Mariano Gil

Received information about the Katipunan from Teodoro Patiño.

Pugad Lawin

Location where Katipunan members gathered to declare a revolt.

Andres Bonifacio

Leader who formally declared the Katipunan’s revolt against Spain.

Cedula personal

Community tax certificate torn by Katipuneros as a symbolic act of defiance.

Polvorin

A weapons depot targeted by the Katipuneros in their strategic attack plans.

El Deposito

A reservoir critical to Intramuros, sought to be secured by Katipuneros.

Governor General Ramon Blanco

Declared martial law in response to the revolutionary activities.

First Eight Provinces

The provinces that first rose in revolt against Spanish rule: Manila, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Nueve Ecija.

Fort Santiago

The place where Rizal was detained after being arrested in Barcelona.

Execution of Rizal

Was executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896.

Magdalo

One faction of the Katipunan led by Baldomero Aguinaldo.

Magdiwang

Another faction of the Katipunan led by Mariano Alvarez.

Tejeros Convention

Meeting to establish a revolutionary government and elect leaders.

Election Results

Emilio Aguinaldo was elected president; Andres Bonifacio became Director of the Interior.

Daniel Tirona

Questioned Bonifacio’s capability leading to a dispute over the election.

Military Trial of Bonifacio

Bonifacio was tried and found guilty of treason, leading to his execution.

Republic of Biak-na-Bato

Established as Aguinaldo's forces retreated to Bulacan; had its own constitution.

Pact of Biak-na-Bato

Ceasefire agreement between Filipinos and Spaniards with stipulations for Aguinaldo's departure.

Pedro Paterno

Volunteered as the negotiator for the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.

₱800,000

Total sum agreed for Aguinaldo’s departure from the Philippines.

Tandang Sora

Nickname of Melchora Aquino, known as the Mother of the Katipunan.

Joan of Arc of Visayas

Nickname for Teresa Magbanua, a military leader in the revolution.

Mother of Biak-na-Bato

Nickname for Trinidad Tecson, who participated actively in the revolution.

Gregoria de Jesus

Known as the Muse of the Katipunan, custodian of the organization's documents.

Marina Dizon

Key figure in increasing the number of female members in the Katipunan.

Medical Care

Provided by Melchora Aquino for sick and wounded Katipuneros.

Execution of Bonifacio

Ordered by Aguinaldo due to Bonifacio's refusal to accept the Tejeros government.

Allegations Against Rizal

Accused of being an instigator and primary leader of the revolution.

Defiance of Spanish Authority

Symbolized by the act of tearing the cedula personal.

Aguinaldo's Departure

Left for Hong Kong after receiving half of the agreed remuneration.

Constitution of Biak-na-Bato

Document declaring independence from Spain in the established republic.

Civic Rights

Were a major issue in the revolution, as Filipinos sought independence from colonial rule.

Risk of Arrest

Faced by those affiliated with the Katipunan after its discovery.

Strategic Planning

Important aspect of the revolution including key locations for attack.

Military Capability

Lacked by Katipunan, leading to Rizal's opposition against armed struggle.

Wealthy Filipinos

Support from this class was crucial for the Katipunan's success.

Execution Site

Bagumbayan, where Jose Rizal was executed.

Factions Conflict

Internal division among Katipunan members, notably Magdalo vs. Magdiwang.

Role of Women

Women significantly contributed to the Katipunan and the revolution.

Ideological Differences

Caused tensions between Aguinaldo and Bonifacio in the revolution.

Leadership Recommendations

Rizal’s suggestion of Antonio Luna highlighted the need for military guidance.

Rizal's Legacy

Significant impact on Philippine nationalism and independence movements.

Apolonio de la Cruz

Involved in the argument that led to the Katipunan's discovery.