AMY AND LIP

a

What is another name for the enzyme amylase?

​A. Diastase

B. Triacylglycerol Acylhydrolase

C. Ptyalinase

D. Amylopsinase

E. Glucose oxidase

b

Which of the following ions are required as activators for amylase?

​A. Magnesium and Sodium

B. Calcium and Chloride

C. Iron and Potassium

D. Copper and Zinc

E. Manganese and Bicarbonate

c

Which isoenzyme of amylase migrates fastest toward the anode during electrophoresis?

​A. Pancreatic amylase

B. Amylopsin

C. Salivary amylase

D. Hepatic amylase

E. Renal amylase

d

Which substance selectively inhibits salivary amylase?

​A. Olive oil

B. Copper salts

C. Triolein

D. Wheat germ lectin

E. Calcium oxalate

e

Which statement regarding the renal filtration of amylase is TRUE?

​A. It cannot be filtered by the glomerulus due to high molecular weight.

B. It is reabsorbed completely in the proximal tubule.

C. It is the largest enzyme in size in the blood.

D. It is present only in serum and never in urine.

E. It is the smallest enzyme in size and normally appears in urine.

a

How early do serum amylase levels rise following the onset of acute pancreatitis?

​A. 2 to 12 hours

B. 24 to 48 hours

C. 2 to 4 days

D. 5 to 7 days

E. 2 to 3 weeks

b

What is the approximate serum peak time for amylase in acute pancreatitis?

​A. 6 hours

B. 24 hours

C. 48 hours

D. 72 hours

E. 5 days

c

Within how many days do serum amylase levels typically return to normal after acute pancreatitis?

​A. 10 to 14 days

B. 5 to 7 days

C. Within 3 days

D. Within 24 hours

E. 3 weeks

d

Which condition is associated with a PRONOUNCED elevation of serum amylase (5 times the normal limit)?

​A. Mumps

B. Salivary gland inflammation

C. Pancreatic carcinoma (head of pancreas)

D. Acute pancreatitis

E. Ionizing radiation

e

Which condition exhibits MODERATE elevation (3 to 5 times normal) of serum amylase?

​A. Acute pancreatitis

B. Pancreatic pseudocyst

C. Morphine administration

D. Renal clear cell carcinoma

E. Mumps

a

Which anticoagulant MUST BE AVOIDED when collecting a specimen for amylase determination?

​A. Citrate

B. Heparin

C. Fluoride

D. Water

E. Iodoacetate

b

Why is serum contamination with saliva problematic during amylase testing?

​A. Saliva contains inhibitors that destroy amylase.

B. Saliva contains significant amounts of amylase compared to serum.

C. Saliva dilutes the reaction volume significantly.

D. Saliva alters the optimal pH from 6.9 to 2.0.

E. Saliva causes severe hemolysis in the blood specimen.

C

What is the substrate used in all classic amylase determination methodologies?

​A. Olive oil

B. Maltopentose

C. Starch

D. Triolein

E. Triglyceride

d

Which classic amylase method measures the amount of reducing sugars produced by starch hydrolysis?

​A. Amyloclastic

B. Chromogenic

C. Turbidimetric

D. Saccharogenic

E. Titrimetric

e

The amyloclastic method for amylase determination measures:

​A. The increase in color intensity of a dye-substrate solution.

B. The amount of fatty acids liberated per hour.

C. The rate of clearing in a turbid emulsion.

D. The reduction of NAD to NADH at 340 nm.

E. The decrease in substrate concentration

a

Which method measures amylase activity by an increase in color intensity of a soluble dye-substrate complex?

​A. Chromogenic

B. Saccharogenic

C. Amyloclastic

D. Cherry-Crandall

E. Continuous monitoring

b

What are the common substrates used in coupled-enzyme / continuous monitoring reactions for amylase?

​A. Olive oil or Triolein

B. Maltopentose or Maltotetraose

C. Glycogen or Lactose

D. Glucose or Sucrose

E. Triglycerides or Fatty acids

c

What is the optimal pH for continuous monitoring coupled-enzyme reactions for amylase?

​A. 5.5

B. 6.0

C. 6.9

D. 7.4

E. 8.2

d

What is the normal reference value range for serum amylase (expressed in Somogyi units or U/L)?

​A. 10 to 50 U/L

B. 38 U/L

C. 8.5 to 48.1 U/L

D. 50 to 220 U/L (60-180 SU/dL)

E. 300 to 500 U/L

e

What is the normal reference value range for urine amylase?

​A. 0.0 to 1.0 U/L

B. 2.0 to 5.0 U/h

C. 50 to 220 U/h

D. 100 to 300 SU/dL

E. 8.5 to 48.1 U/h

a

What is the systematic biochemical name for lipase?

​A. Triacylglycerol Acylhydrolase

B. Alpha-1,4-Glucan-4-Glucohydrolase

C. Glycerol Kinase Hydrolase

D. Diastase

E. Ptyalin

b

What bond/linkage does lipase hydrolyze in fats?

​A. Glycosidic linkages

B. Ester linkages

C. Peptide linkages

D. Hydrogen bonds

E. Phosphodiester linkages

c

Lipase hydrolyzes dietary triglycerides in the intestines to form which intermediate?

​A. 1-monoglyceride

B. Free glycerol

C. 2-monoglyceride

D. Short-chain fatty esters

E. Diglyceride ester

d

24. Which organ is the primary source of lipase?

​A. Salivary glands

B. Liver

C. Kidneys

D. Pancreas

E. Small intestine

d

Why is serum lipase considered more specific for acute pancreatitis than amylase?

​A. It rises much faster within 1 hour.

B. It is produced by both salivary glands and pancreas.

C. It is filtered completely into the urine.

D. Its primary origin is the pancreas.

E. It is present in high concentrations in red blood cells.

b

26. How do serum lipase levels change over time compared to amylase in acute pancreatitis?

​A. Lipase rises faster and disappears faster.

B. Lipase rises more slowly and remains elevated longer.

C. Lipase peaks at 2 hours and normalizes within 12 hours.

D. Lipase remains unchanged during acute pancreatitis.

E. Lipase drops significantly below normal range

c

How long can serum lipase levels remain elevated following an episode of acute pancreatitis?

​A. 24 to 48 hours

B. Up to 3 days

C. 5 days up to 2 weeks

D. Exactly 1 month

E. 2 to 3 hours

d

28. Is lipase normally present in healthy human urine?

​A. Yes, in large amounts.

B. Yes, equal to serum levels.

C. Only during mumps infection.

D. No, it is not present in normal urine.

E. Yes, but only in infants.

c

Besides acute pancreatitis, which condition can show elevated serum lipase?

​A. Mumps

B. Salivary gland inflammation

C. Perforated peptic ulcers

D. Pregnancy

e

How does hemolysis affect lipase testing?

​A. False elevation

B. No effect

C. Shift in optimal pH

D. Increased turbidity

E. False decrease in lipase activity

a

What effect does bacterial contamination of the specimen have on lipase results?

​A. False elevation

B. False decrease

C. Invalidation of substrate

D. No impact

E. Destruction of copper salts

b

What is the classic reference substrate used in the Cherry-Crandall method for lipase?

​A. Starch

B. Olive oil

C. Maltotetraose

D. Glycogen

E. Wheat germ lectin

c

In the traditional Cherry-Crandall method, how are liberated fatty acids measured?

​A. By absorbance at 340 nm

B. By nephelometry

C. By titration with NaOH after 24 hours

D. By measuring reducing sugars

E. By electrophoretic mobility

a

What purer form of triglyceride is currently used to replace olive oil in lipase assays?

​A. Triolein

B. Maltopentose

C. Amylose

D. Stearic acid

E. Cholesterol ester

d

What role do copper salts play in modern colorimetric lipase assays?

​A. They inhibit amylase activity completely.

B. They activate lipase directly.

C. They prevent bacterial contamination.

D. They form soluble complexes with generated fatty acids.

E. They buffer the solution to pH 6.9.

a

What is measured in turbidimetric methods for lipase activity?

​A. Rate of clearing of an emulsion

B. Intensity of red dye

C. Formation of NADH from NAD

D. Amount of NaOH titrated

E. Glucose produced per minute

c

Which enzymes are coupled in continuous colorimetric monitoring reactions for lipase?

​A. Amylase and glucosidase

B. Hexokinase and G6PD

C. Peroxidase or glycerol kinase

D. Lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase

E. Alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase

d

What is the reference value for serum lipase mentioned in the text?

​A. 50–220 U/L

B. 60–180 SU/dL

C. 8.5–48.1 U/h

D. < 38 U/L

E. > 500 U/L

e

What is the stability of amylase in serum and urine at room temperature?

​A. Stable for 1 hour

B. Stable for 24 hours

C. Stable for 3 days

D. Stable for 2 weeks

E. Stable for 1 week

a

What is the stability of amylase in serum and urine at 4^\circ\text{C}?
​A. 2 months
B. 1 week
C. 24 hours
D. 1 year
E. 3 days

b

Does hemolysis interfere with amylase testing?

​A. Yes, it causes extreme false elevation in all methods.

B. No, red cells do not contain amylase, so it does not interfere except in coupled enzymatic methods.

C. Yes, red cells contain high levels of amylase.

D. Yes, it destroys starch substrate.

E. No, it has zero impact on any method.

c

What is the molecular weight of amylase?

​A. 10,000 to 15,000 Da

B. 38,000 Da

C. 50,000 to 55,000 Da

D. 100,000 to 120,000 Da

E. 200,000 Da

d

Which pancreatic enzyme is described as a "late marker" for acute pancreatitis?

​A. Salivary amylase

B. Ptyalin

C. Amylopsin

D. Lipase

E. Glucose oxidase

e

Which pancreatic enzyme is described as the "earliest pancreatic marker"?

​A. Lipase

B. Triglyceride acylhydrolase

C. Glycerol kinase

D. Peroxidase

E. Amylase

a

Pancreatic amylase is also known as:

​A. Amylopsin

B. Ptyalin

C. Diastase

D. Maltotetraose

E. Triolein

b

What change in absorbance is monitored when NAD is converted to NADH in automated coupled amylase methods?

​A. 280 nm

B. 340 nm

C. 405 nm

D. 500 nm

E. 620 nm

c

Which body fluids can be used to detect amylase activity?

​A. Serum only

B. Urine only

C. Serum, urine, and peritoneal fluid

D. Saliva only

E. Cerebrospinal fluid only

d

Which specimen type is preferred for lipase testing?

​A. Plasma collected with EDTA

B. Whole blood

C. 24-hour urine collection

D. Serum

E. Saliva

e

What is the classic reference method for amylase assay?

​A. Cherry-Crandall method

B. Turbidimetric method

C. Continuous monitoring

D. Chromogenic method

E. Saccharogenic method

a

What is the classic reference method for lipase assay?

​A. Cherry and Crandall method

B. Somogyi saccharogenic method

C. Wheat germ lectin inhibition method

D. Amyloclastic method

E. Hexokinase-G6PD coupled method