Chem + Weather + Physics Science Exam prep

Grade 9 Science Final Exam

Acid

less than 7

Base

greater than 7

neutral

7.0

Acid info

Release Hydrogen ions, taste sour, red in litmus paper

Base info

Releases hydroxide ions, feels slippery, tastes bitter, turns litmus paper blue

Examples of Acids

Lemon juice, vinegar, stomach acid

Example of Base

Baking soda, soap, bleach.

Jet stream

High speed winds in upper atmosphere. Steers major weather systems

3 ways heat transfers

Conduction, convection, latent heating

Conduction

the transfer of energy through contact. Heat moves from hotter objects to colder objects in lower atomsphere.

Convection

_______ is heat transfer by moving fluids, where warm air or liquid rises and cooler air or liquid sinks.

Latent heating

______ ______ is heat absorbed or released during a phase change, like water evaporating or condensing, without changing temperature.

Troposphere

12km tall, 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, less than 1% carbon and argon.

Stratosphere

Contains ozone layer O₃. Shields us from sun

Stratosphere and Troposphere

Both are responsible for the earths weather systems.

Hydrosphere

98% salt water, 2% fresh water. Canada has 10%(Doerksen says 20) worlds fresh water supply

Evaporate

Water turns from a liquid into a gas, vapour

Transpiration

Waterloss from plants through their Stomata

Percolation

Water moves through the soil via water table

Condenses

Vapour to liquid, fog, mist, clouds

Preceipation

Rain or snow falls from the sky. cycle restarts

Newtons first law

A body in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by a force

Newtons second law

Force equals mass times acceleration f=ma

Newtons third law

For every action their is an opposite and equal reaction

Cold front

Cold air moves in against hot air. Causes precipitation. Cooler, dryer air

Warm front

Warm air moves in against cold air. Causes precipitation(snow, rain, sleet). Warmer and moist

Stationary Front

Neither cold front or hot front advance upon each other. Warm and cool air responsible for rain, thunderstorms and snow.

Albedo

The amount of reflected light. The more reflective the surface is the higher the _______ is.

Dew point

Temp for water vapour to condense

Humidity

Measure of mositure(water vapour) in the air.

4 types of major storms

Tornadoes, Cyclones, Hurricanes, winter storm

Tornadoes

Swirling funnels of cloud intensified by lightning and loud noise. 500km/h wind

Tornadoes form when

Cold air front meets hot and humid air.

Cyclones

Large scale systems of rotating wind around a central low-pressure area.

Hurricanes

The worst type of storm. Start over low pressure areas, warm moist air creates rain and clouds. Wind exceeds 118km/h. Can last up of a week

Hurricanes in Asia are known as

Typhoons

Winter Storm

Made over low pressure front brings heavy wind and precipitation

Weather Watch

Conditions are favourable for extreme weather to occur

Weather advisory

Severe weather is predicted for your area

Weather warning

Extreme weather is highly likely to arrive somewhere in your area or may already be happening.

Hurricanes look like

Pinwheels

4 types of satellites

Polar, gestainaory, visible and infrared.

RADAR

Echos signals to detect weather systems.

Radio Detection And Ranging

Radar stands for