Carbon Cycle

the carbon cycle moves from

the atmosphere to plants through the use of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis

carbon moves from the plants to animals through…

the food chain

biomass

organisms that store and release carbon are often called

through the decomposition of biomass…

• dead plants and animals return carbon to the soil (geosphere).  Some will become fossil fuels in millions of years.

cellular respiration

• releases carbon dioxide gas back into the atmosphere.

combustion

fossil fuels such as oil and coal are burned and release carbon back into the atmosphere

oceans- hydrosphere absorb what from the air?

carbon

competition

• is an ecological relationship in which multiple organisms of the same species or different species are fighting for the same resource (s) – 

• Food, water, shelter, mates, habitat, etc.

symbiotic relationships

or symbiosis, are ecological relationships that occur between individuals of two (or more) different species.  These close interactions often affect the species’ population abundance (how many) and distribution (where they are found)

predation

 is an ecological relationship in which one species, the predator feeds on and often kills another organism, the prey.

predator prey relationships

don’t only involve meat  eaters. Herbivores are considered predators, because while they feed on plants instead of animals, they may kill off the plant or put pressu

mutualism

• Mutualism- both species benefit from the relationship

• Example: flowers and bees

(+) (+)

commensalism

• Commensalism- one benefits, the other is not helped or harmed

• Example: barnacles and whales

parasitism

• Parasitism- One organism benefits (the parasite) and the other is harmed (the host).

• Example: tick and dog

                     (+) (-)

chemosynthesis is

where light inst available some bacteria conver inorganic molecules into food

dentrivores are

fragments of dead matter

photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a process in which sunlight energy is used to make 

glucose.

photosynthesis happens in

he chloroplast – an organelle  

found in the leaves of green plants. The main functions of chloroplasts  

are to produce food (glucose) during photosynthesis,

chlorotplasts contain

the pigment, chlorophyll.

chlorophyll absorbs

most of the colors in the color spectrum, and reflects only green and  

yellow wavelengths of light. This is why we see leaves as green or yellow – 

because these colors are reflected into our eyes.

molecular formula for glucose

C₆H₁₂O₆.

plants make suger by

using the energy from sunlight to transform CO₂ from the air with water from the ground into glucose.

during the process of photosynthesis

oxygen (O₂) is created as a waste product and is released into the air for us to breath.

formula for photosynthesis

CO₂ + H₂O + sunlight ----> C₆H₁₂O₆ + O2 

the formula for photosynthesis says taht

he reactants in photosynthesis (what is used) are CO₂, water and sun. The  plant gets water from the ground through its roots. The plant collects carbon dioxide from the air. Much  of the carbon dioxide comes from living organisms that exhale (breath it out) it

the products are

glucose and oxygen

glucose is used in the plant to

 The glucose produced is used by the plant for energy and growth.  We also use this glucose by eating plants.

plants are unlike humans because they

make their own food

mitochondria

are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system that takes  in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell. The process of creating cell energy is known as cellular

respiration

respiration. Most of the chemical reactions involved in cellular respiration happen in the mitochondria. A mitochondrion  is shaped perfectly to maximize its efforts.  

why do organisms rely on carbohydrates

herefore, these organisms must rely on the carbohydrates formed in plants to  obtain the energy necessary for their metabolic processes. This means they must eat plants and other animals in  order to gain energy.  

ADP

Cells take the carbohydrates into their cytoplasm, and through a complex series of metabolic processes, they  break down the carbohydrates and release the energy. The energy is generally not needed immediately; rather  it is used to combine adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

ith another phosphate to form adenosine triphosphate 

makes ATP!

ATP in photosynthesis

he ATP can then be used for processes in the cells that require energy, much as a battery  powers a mechanical device. During the process of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is given off and water is released. Plant cells can  use this carbon dioxide and water during photosynthesis to form new carbohydrates.