AP Chemistry Unit 3 Test Review

what are the three states of matter?

solids, liquids, gas

define the shape and volume for liquids

indefinite shape, definite volume

define the shape and volume for solids

definite shape and volume

define the shape and volume for gases 

indefinite shape and indefinite volume 

All solids, liquids and gases have _______?

Kinetic Energy

What type of movement do the particles have?

rotational and vibrational

what two forms do solids have? 

1. crystalline

2. amorphic  

what is a crystalline solid?

repeating pattern

what is an amorphic solid?

solids that do not have a pattern

how strong is the KE in solids? 

every low/weak

what is viscosity?

the “thickness” of a liquid

the viscosity is dependent on what?

the intermolecular forces

what is an isomer?

the same chemical formula but different structure

IMF

the forces between molecules ex. LDP, D-D, Hydrogen bonds

What is LDF?

the weakest of all IMF, always present, low polarity 

what is Dipole-Dipole?

the second strongest, .4-1.7 polarity, permanent dipole

Hydrogen Bonding 

permanent dipole, EN difference is very big, strongest 

Dipole Induced Dipole

stronger only than LDF, momentary attraction

Ion Dipole 

polar molecule interacts with an ion 

dependent on columb’’s law 

What is the idea behind solubility?

like dissolves like

The attraction between similar intermolecular forces is able to allow a solvent to dissolve a solute

What is key in a Particulate Level Diagram?

keep the number of particles the same

What is the composition in an ionic solid? 

anions and cations are holding frigid/rapid positions 

what are the properties of the ionic solids?

brittle, strong electrostatic force, high M.P & B.P, conductive when molten or dissolved

what is a covalent network solid?

A solid where atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network, resulting in high melting points and hardness.

Deals with G14 substances, diamond, silicon, dioxide

what are the properties of a diamond covalent network solid?

very strong, 3D, high M.P, not conductive

what are the properties of a graphite covalent network solid?

known as an allotrope: both the same element but different structures

relatively high M.P and B.P

strong, conductive

what is a lubricant?

losing a layer at a time

what are the properties of a molecular solid?

iodine - diatomic atom

low melting point

not conductive

weak IMF

what is distillation? 

the separation of a mixture of liquids based on boiling point 

what is vapor pressure?

Even if a liquid is below its boiling point, the air molecules are able to vaporize the liquid off the top

A weak IMF can cause liquids to have low B.P., volatile, high V.P