Introduction to Energy Systems and Protein Metabolism

ATP

Energy currency of the cell.

ADP

Breakdown product of ATP, releases energy.

Anaerobic production

Energy production without oxygen.

Aerobic production

Energy production with oxygen present.

Creatine phosphate system

Provides energy for 3-15 seconds.

Glycolysis

Breaks down glucose for energy, lasts 1-2 minutes.

Oxidative phosphorylation

Aerobic energy production, lasts over 2 minutes.

CHO

Carbohydrates, primary aerobic fuel source.

FAT

Fats, alternative aerobic fuel source.

Glycogen

Stored form of glucose in the body.

Triglyceride

Stored fat, broken down for energy.

Energy economy

Efficiency of ATP production per oxygen used.

Protein roles

Functional roles include enzymes and antibodies.

Essential amino acids

Amino acids not synthesized by the body.

Complete protein

Contains all essential amino acids.

Incomplete protein

Lacks one or more essential amino acids.

BCAAs

Branched-chain amino acids, enter energy pathways.

Protein intake RDA

Recommended protein intake varies by activity level.

Nitrogen measurement

Estimates protein usage during exercise.

Protein synthesis

Building new proteins in the body.

Protein breakdown

Degradation of proteins into amino acids.

Net protein balance

Difference between protein synthesis and breakdown.

Protein energy value

Digestible energy from protein is 4 kcal/g.

Protein deficiency effects

Can lead to dry nails, hair, and health issues.