Final Preaice world history exam

What was the outcome of the Franco-Prussian War?

The establishment of the German Empire and a shift in European balance of power.

Who was Otto Von Bismarck?

The Chancellor of Germany who orchestrated the unification of Germany.

Define Nationalism.

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation.

What event marked the Italian Wars of Unification?

The series of political and military events aimed at unifying Italy under a single kingdom.

What was the significance of the Publishing of the Communist Manifesto?

It outlined the principles of Communism and called for class struggle.

What role did Kaiser Wilhelm play in German history?

He was the last German Emperor and played a key role in World War I.

What were the key components of Liberalism vs Conservatism in the 1800s?

Liberalism promoted individual rights and democracy, while Conservatism favored tradition and established authority.

Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi?

An Italian general and nationalist who played a significant role in the unification of Italy.

What was the impact of Karl Marx on social and political thought?

He co-authored the Communist Manifesto and developed the theory of Marxism.

What does Socialism advocate?

Social ownership and democratic control of the means of production.

What triggered the Spanish-American War?

U.S. intervention in Cuba's fight for independence from Spain.

What caused the Great Depression in the USA?

A combination of stock market crash, bank failures, and reduced consumer spending.

Define American imperialism.

The policy of extending the U.S. power and influence through military or diplomatic means.

What was the October Revolution?

The 1917 revolution in Russia that led to the rise of the Bolsheviks.

Who was Tsar Nicholas II?

The last Emperor of Russia, whose reign saw the fall of the Romanov dynasty.

What were the Great Purges?

A campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s.

Who was Vladimir Lenin?

The leader of the Bolshevik Revolution and the first head of the Soviet state.

What is NEP men?

Individuals who profited from the New Economic Policy, which allowed some private enterprise.

Explain the Treaty of Versailles.

The peace treaty that ended World War I, imposing heavy reparations on Germany.

What is the Stab in the Back theory?

A belief that Germany lost WWI due to internal betrayal rather than military defeat.

Who was Adolf Hitler?

The leader of Nazi Germany who initiated World War II and was responsible for the Holocaust.

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

Germany's military strategy to quickly defeat France before fighting Russia.

What was discussed at the Paris Peace Conference?

The terms of peace following World War I, notably the imposition of the Treaty of Versailles.

Define Militarism.

The belief in building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.

What were Wilson’s 14 Points?

A statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations to end WWI.

Who was Benito Mussolini?

The founder of Italian Fascism and an ally of Hitler during WWII.

What was the Manchurian Incident?

A staged event by the Japanese military that led to the invasion of Manchuria.

Define Fascism.

An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government.

What was the significance of the Munich Conference?

A meeting in which European leaders allowed Nazi Germany to annex parts of Czechoslovakia.

What was the Lend-Lease Act?

U.S. program to supply Allied nations with war material before entering WWII.

What did the Nazi-Soviet Pact entail?

A non-aggression treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union prior to WWII.

What occurred during D-Day?

The Allied invasion of Normandy, which was the turning point in WWII.

Who was Winston Churchill?

The British Prime Minister known for his leadership during WWII.

What is Island Hopping?

A military strategy used by the Allies in the Pacific Theater during WWII.

What were the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences?

Meetings among the Allied leaders to discuss post-war reorganization.

What was the purpose of the Berlin Airlift?

To supply West Berlin after the Soviet Union blockaded it in 1948-1949.

Who was Joseph Stalin?

The leader of the Soviet Union known for his totalitarian rule and creation of a cult of personality.

Define NATO vs Warsaw Pact.

NATO was a military alliance of Western nations, while the Warsaw Pact was a response from the Soviet bloc.

What was the Gulf of Tonkin incident?

A naval confrontation that led to increased U.S. military involvement in Vietnam.

Who was Ho Chi Minh?

The leader of North Vietnam and a key figure in the fight against French colonialism.

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A 13-day confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union over missile deployment in Cuba.

What does Pan-Africanism advocate?

The unity and solidarity of African nations and peoples worldwide.

Who was Jomo Kenyatta?

The first President of Kenya, who led the country to independence from British rule.

What was the Algerian War of Independence?

A conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front from 1954 to 1962.

What is the meaning of the term Theocracy?

A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God.

Who was Ronald Reagan?

The U.S. President known for his role in ending the Cold War.

What was Arab Spring?

A series of anti-government protests and uprisings in the Arab world starting in 2010.

Define Zionism.

A movement for the re-establishment of a Jewish nation in Israel.

What was the significance of the Creation of Israel?

The establishment of a Jewish state in 1948 amidst regional conflict.

What was the purpose of the Iranian Revolution?

To overthrow the Shah and establish an Islamic Republic.

What does the term Ba’ath Party refer to?

A secular Arab nationalist party in Syria and Iraq.

What was the role of Golda Meir?

The first female Prime Minister of Israel and a prominent figure during the Yom Kippur War.

What was the Persian Gulf War?

A conflict that resulted from Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, leading to U.S.-led military action.

What is the definition of cult of personality?

The phenomenon whereby a leader uses mass media to create an idealized and heroic image.

Who was Saddam Hussein?

The President of Iraq known for his authoritarian rule and invasion of Kuwait.

What is Secularism?

The principle of separating religion from political, social, and educational institutions.

What was the Egyptian revolution?

A series of protests and demonstrations that led to the ousting of President Hosni Mubarak in 2011.