midterm- dk 2 tissues and skin

What are the 3 main skin layers from superficial → deep?

epidermis → Dermis → Hypodermis

What are the 5 epidermal layers from DEEP → SUPERFICIAL?

Basale → Spinosum → Granulosum → Lucidum → Corneum

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What is the deepest epidermal layer?

Stratum basale

What is the most superficial epidermal layer?

Stratum corneum

What epidermal layer comes directly above the stratum basale?

Stratum spinosum

What epidermal layer lies between spinosum and lucidum?

Stratum granulosum

As burns progress from 1st → 2nd → 3rd degree, what generally increases?

Depth/severity

What is cyanosis associated with?

low oxygen

What is jaundice associated with?

Bilirubin

patient has yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera. What is the most likely cause?

Bilirubin accumulation

Yellow skin/sclera should make you think of what condition?

Jaundice

What's the key distinction between cyanosis and jaundice

Cyanosis = low oxygen; Jaundice = bilirubin

What are the 4 basic tissue types?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

What is histology?

The study of tissues

What major concept connects tissue structure and function?

Structure determines function

What are the main functions of epithelial tissue?

Covers surfaces, forms glands, and has high regeneration

Squamous epithelium is associated with what function?

diffusion

Cuboidal epithelium is associated with what function?

secretion

Columnar epithelium is associated with what function?

Absorption

Pseudostratified epithelium is associated with what system?

respiratory

Stratified epithelium is associated with what function?

protection

Transitional epithelium is associated with what organ?

Bladder

What is a major function of connective tissue?

support

What important feature does connective tissue contain?

extracellular matrix

What does extracellular mean?

outside the cells

What function of blood is emphasized

transport

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Which muscle tissue is voluntary?

skeletal

Which muscle tissue is found in the heart?

cardiac

Which muscle tissue is involuntary?

smooth

What two major cell categories are named in nervous tissue?

neurons and nueroglia

What major function is associated with nervous tissue?

Electrical signaling

What is the organizational progression from cells upward?

Cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism

What does a first-degree burn involve?

epidermis only

What are the characteristics of a first-degree burn?

Redness, slight edema, and pain

What does a second-degree burn involve?

Part of the dermis

What is another name for a second-degree burn?

Partial-thickness burn

What are the characteristics of a second-degree burn?

May appear red, tan, or white; blistered and painful

What does a third-degree burn involve?

All of the dermis and often some deeper tissues

What is another name for a third-degree burn?

Full-thickness burn

Which degree of burn often requires skin grafting?

Third-degree burn