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What countries were conquered by Nazi Germans in 1940?
Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Belgium.
What date did Germany attack France and what date did France surrender?
Germany attacked France on May 10, 1940, and France surrendered on June 22, 1940.
What two stances on WW2 made Churchill seem more positive?
English language the weapon of war
Tehran conference and D-Day
Victorious in NA and Med
What three stances on WW2 made Churchill more negative in public opinion?
Did not help Russia, had to defend themselves, seen as unfair to allies.
Left out by allies
Voted out in 1945
What did Churchill hope regarding the USA?
He hoped the USA would join British forces.
What famous speech did Churchill give that instilled hope?
He gave his famous speech about 'never surrender'.
Who was the British generals that was disliked by Churchill?
Sir Archibald Wavell and Sir Claude Auchinleck
Why did Wavell fail, and where did he fail?
Wasn’t given time to prepare for the German invasion of the Balkan front so it failed
Also failed in Crete and desert
This didn’t help maintaining morale and attracting USA
Who succeeded Wavell and was later also removed?
Sir Claude Auchinleck.
Why did Auchenleck fail?
Insisted on delaying a German attack until he was ready which annoyed Churchill
Sacked for lack of daring and aggressiveness
Won 1st battle of el alamein in July 1942
Who did Churchill favor and who proved successful in battle?
Bernard Montgomery; he achieved victory at El Alamein.
Won over Churchill with his self confidence
What was Operation Husky?
The Allied invasion of Sicily in 10th July 1943.
Arguments for the war in med being important
protect Suez Canal
Threat of Italy who joined in 1940 and invaded southern France. Had troops boarding Egypt and her major naval base at Taranto
Britain controlled Gibraltar but there was a threat from franco (Spanish dictator) as he might join Hitler
If Germany broke through into Egypt then German forces could link up with forces in Russia securing vital oil fields
Helps achieve Churchills plan of Italy being soft underbelly
Give 3 stats for operation husky
180,000 soldiers
Along 105 miles
26 beaches
Arguments for war in med being not important
US wanted to invade northern France
George Marshall said it was a waste of resource
Take pressure off Russia and establish a western front
Success of war depends on russias survival
How did allies assert control in Sicily?
Paraded senior mafia member on a tank and the people of Sicily allowed the US to occupy
What did Churchill call Italy?
Soft underbelly
Churchills goal invading Italy?
It would knock Italy out of the war, persuade neutral turkey to join the war, support operations in the Balkan’s and then launch armies into Austria then Germany.
Also provide hope to occupied countries and gain new airfields to bomb the balkans and Germany.
When was battle of El Alamein?
Oct 1942
What was americas views of invading Italy first?
Weren’t convinced
Compromised and said they’d withdraw forces whenever they were required in north west Europe
Why did it take so long for the allies to fully occupy Italy?
Rough terrain Hindering vechiles
Rivers, mountains and cold winters and rain
Lack of resources due to lack of ships and landing craft
Medic bases 5 miles back
What was the significance of the Suez Canal?
It was a major route for oil and the quickest path to India.
What general did Churchill like besides Monty?
Describe their relationship
Sir Alan Brooke
He was annoyed with Churchill ‘thinking out load’
Frustrated by political interference
Careful with casualties, unlike Churchill
When did Italy swap sides?
13th Oct 1943
What did Brooke predict?
Hitlers suicide 10 days before
What bold decision did Brooke make?
Send a substantial amount of Britain’s military equipment to the Middle East to deal with Italian threat to Egypt even when Germany may have invaded
Churchill supported
Why did Britain destroy French ships in 1940?
To prevent Germany from using the French navy against them to control the med or suez canal
Give 4 stats for Britain destroying French ships
By 5;30
15 inch guns
1300 killed
2 ships sunk
Why did America not want to help Britain?
Focused on Japan
Against public opinion
Neutrality acts of 1931
Battle of Tobruk
Tobruk, Libya
1941
Australians held off the Germans for 400 days
Who is Rommel? Why was he picked ?
Desert fox
Performed well in Poland and France
aryan race - perfect poster boy
Used to be Hitler bodyguard
When was battle of El Alamein?
23rd oct 42
What event was Brooke responsible for?
Dunkirk evacuation
Why was the battle of el alamein successful?
Attack late at night
Successfully cleared through minefields
300 tanks from America
Despite Monty’s forces being outnumbered by 2x
What position were Britain in by the end of 1940?
Enjoyed victories in NA and defeated German air offensive
Considerable achievement to prevent appeasement given the fact we had no allies against Germany Italy and possibly Japan with no support from USA
Tanks from America were …
Shermon
Good armament and quick
What was the code name for the Yalta Conference?
Argonaut.
Give 6 examples of his leadership style
Restless and energetic so worked irregular hours
Revolutionised methods e.g one piece of paper
Officials who could not keep up were dismissed
Imaginative ideas I.e germ warfare
Dictate from bed or bath
Take advice and show respect
What 5 reasons made him different to predecessors?
Strong relationship with allies
Mastery of speeches
Siren suit
Well travelled (25)
Daring and ruthless
What book did Brooke publish and what did it say about Churchill?
‘Turn of the tide and triumph in the west’
‘Peevish like a small child’
‘No long term vision’
)my god how I am tired of working for him’
What was the outcome of the Tehran Conference?
Plans were made for D-Day and strategies to defeat Germany.
What 5 problems did Churchill have when he came into office?
Germany bombing
Halifax wanted appeasement
Gold reserves running out
Japan threat to SA colonies
Dunkirk invasion
Italy joining and threat to NA colonies
What did Halifax want? What was Churchills response?
Approach Mussolini to get him to find out what peace terms hitler may accept
Churchill said ‘rot’ and refused as it would show hitler Britain was weakening
What did the Beveridge Report propose?
A series of social reforms to achieve freedom from want for all citizens.
Who did Churchill want to be rescued by?
‘New world with all its power and might steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old’
Broadcast by Norman Shelley impersonating him
When was D-Day?
June 6, 1944.
What was the main aim of Operation Market Garden?
To shorten the war and capture key bridges in the Netherlands.
What was Churchill's role in the war between 1944-1945?
He aimed to prepare for post-war Europe while focusing on military strategies.
What was the public's attitude towards Churchill towards the end of the war?
Desire for social reform and dissatisfaction with his government policies.
Who was blamed for the 'hungry decade' of the 1930s?
The Conservative Party.
What was the result of the July 1945 general election?
Labour won by a landslide, reflecting a desire for social reform.
What mistake did Hitler and Göring make during the war?
They prioritized bombing cities over destroying the RAF.
What did Churchill compare Wavell to?
A chairman of a golf club.
How did the battle of El Alamein contribute to the war effort?
It marked a significant turning point and victory for the Allies in North Africa.
