Hazard Theory - Owen Shepherd
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20 Terms
Types of Hazard
Geophysical, Atmopsheric, Hydrological
Geophysical
Geomorphic and tectonic
To do with the environment around
E.g. Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Atmospheric
Within the air / atmosphere
e.g. Tropical Storms
Hydrological
Hydrological contains atmospheric hazards too
To do with water
e.g. Floods, Drought, Mudflow, Sea Level Rise
Biohazard
A hazard presented by something that is or once was living
E.g. infectious disease
Degg Model
Degg's Model shows that a natural disaster only occurs if a vulnerable population is exposed to a hazard and that the resilience of a community is an important parameter in determining the impact and consequences of a hazardous event.
Degg Models explains
The interaction of human and physical systems, in making a disaster dangerous
What makes humans vulnerable?
Disability, age, Socioeconomic background, religion, experience, fitness, education and Social Capital
Social Capital
People around you to support and help you when you are in need
No friends to help = more chance to die
Hazard
A threat that has potential to have an impact
Impacts can include
Property damage, injury, death, socioeconomic impacts and more
Hazard Event
The occurrence of a Hazard Event
Hazard Event vs Disaster
All disasters are Hazard Events. not all HE are Disaster
A Disaster is a Hazard Event which meets a certain criteria
Criteria to be classed as a disaster
10 or more people reported killed.
100 or more people reported affected, injured, or homeless.
A formal call for international assistance.
A declaration of a state of emergency by the affected country.
Disaster means that
Affected community will be severely affected, and likely unable to cope without international aid.
Risk
The exposure of people to a hazard / threat / something that could be damaging.
Vulnerability
The potential for loss
How susceptible a population is to certain hazards
Primarily determined by human factors
Risk Equation 1
Risk = Hazard occurrence and magnitude x Exposed Population X Vulnerability of population
Risk Equation 2
(Frequency and magnitude of hazard x vulnerability) / Capacity to cope
What makes people vulnerable
Built environment, age, perception, experience, wealth, age, education, disability, religion, fitness, proximity to hazard