Shigella

Shigella causes what disease

Bacillary dysentery

Bacillary dysentery 2 phases

Early phase → Watery diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps

Late → Frequent, small, bloody stools, mucus, pus, tenesmus

HUS is a complication of

S. dysenteriae

Reiter’s syndrome is a triad of; is a complication of

Triad: Reactive arthritis, Urethritis, Conjunctivitis

Cause: S. flexneri

Shigella 4 pathogenic species in order of severity/virulence (most to least)

S. dysenteriae

S. flexneri

S. boydii

S. sonnei

Shigella species common in

1. Developed countries

2. Developing countries

1. S. sonnei

2. S. flexneri

Shigella enters the gut epithelium through what cells

M cells

Shigella mode of transmission

Person-to-person contact

Contam food and water

SHIGA TOXIN is assoc. with which Shigella species

S. dysenteriae type 1

SHIGA TOXIN effects

Enterotoxin → Watery diarrhea

Cytotoxin → Epithelial cell death

Neurotoxin → Severe systemic illness

Shigella diagnosis

Culture → Hektoen, XLD, MAC

NAAT

Shigella culture characteristics

Non-lactose fermenter

Non-motile

No H₂S

Shigella treatment

Supportive: Fluid replacement, IV if severe

AVOID ANTIDIARRHEAL DRUGS

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are indicated for Shigella if

Severe cases

High risk px

Outbreak control

Shigella recommended antibiotics

Ciprofloxacin

Ceftriaxone

Azithromycin

Cef sips a zith.