UNDERSTANDING KEY DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES AND INFLUENCING FACTORS

Adolescence

A time of rapid growth. Not just physically but also mentally and in relationships

Santrock (2019), 3 developmental stages

1. Physical 

2. Emotional

3. Psychological 

Erikson’s stage 1 of psychosocial development

0-1 year. Trust vs Mistrust - Hope. Infant. Learn to trust caregivers to provide their basic needs

Erikson’s stage 2 of psychosocial development

1-3 years. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt - Will. Toddler. Develop sense of personal control + Independence

Erikson’s stage 3 of psychosocial development

3-6 years. Initiative vs Guilt - Purpose. Children. Assert control through directing play and interactions

Erikson’s stage 4 of psychosocial development

6-12 years. Industry vs Inferiority. Competence. Children. Develop sense of pride in accomplishments + ability

Erikson’s stage 5 of psychosocial development

12-18 years. Identity vs Role Confusion. Fidelity. Teens. Explore personal identity + sense of self

Erikson’s stage 6 of psychosocial development

18-40years. Intimacy vs Isolation. Love. Young Adults. Form intimate, love relationships 

Erikson’s stage 7 of psychosocial development

40-65years. Generativity vs Stagnation. Care. Adults. Create/nurture things that will outlast them = contributing to society

Erikson’s stage 8 of psychosocial development

65+years. Ego Integrity vs Despair. Wisdom. Seniors. Reflection on life = fulfillment/regret

PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY

Jean Piaget - how children and adolescents develop ability to think + reason

PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY STAGE 1

Sensorimotor 0-2. Learns through senses and actions

PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY STAGE 2

Preoperational 2-7. Develops language using symbols. Difficult logic

PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY STAGE 3

Concrete operational 7-11. Think more logically. Understands conservation 

PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY STAGE 4

Formal Operational 12+. Develop abstract hypothetical thinking. Thinks future + moral issues

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Biological changes in your body as you mature 

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT 

Recognizing + expressing + managing feelings

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

How you think, reason and understand you + the world

PROTECTIVE FACTORS

Things that strengthen you

RISK FACTORS 

Things that bring you down

Habit

Daily actions your repeat consciously/unconsciousl

Either support or slow down growth

ERGONOMIC HABIT:

How you use and position your body while doing tasks.

SELF CONCEPT

How you describe yourself to YOURSELF. 

Mental image of you

“I am shy”

SELF IMAGE

Mental picture you have of yourself

“How do I see myself”

SELF WORTH

Your sense of value as a person 

“Am I valuable”

SELF ESTEEM

How you feel about yourself.

 “How do I feel about who I am”

SELF AWARENESS

Ability to understand thoughts, feelings, habits whatevernot

“How well do I know myself”

SELF ACCEPTANCE

Seeing yourself clearly

Knowing strengths admit weakness embrace everything

SELF STRENGTH

Knowing yourself through self concept, understanding accepting who you are

3 LAYERS OF IDENTITY

ADAMS, BELL AND GRIFFIN (2007)

PERSONAL IDENTITY

• Inner layer

• Unique traits, personality, preferences, etc

SOCIAL IDENTITY

• How you identify yourself in what group you belong to

• roles , cultural background etc

IDEAL SELF IDENTITY

• What you aspire to be

• Dreams, goals