Genetics

What is transcription?

The process of copying DNA to form mRNA

Why is mRNA different from DNA?

It is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

What does the enzyme RNA polymerase do?

RNA binds to a non-coding region of DNA

What does a template strand form?

mRNA

Where does the mRNA leave?

The nucleus through the nuclear pore.

What is translation?

MRNA sequence is decoded by ribosomes to synthesize proteins

Where does the mRNA enter?

Ribosome

What is a codon?

Codes for a specific amino acid

What DNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes?

tRNA

What is anti-codon complementary to?

mRNA

What do amino acids form?

Polypeptide bonds.

What is a mutation?

A change in the DNA base sequence

What factors can increase the risk of mutations?

Exposure to radiation and carcinogens.

How do mutations affect the DNA?

The sequence of amino acids is different.

What cannot enzyme do when they lose their complementary shape?

Form enzyme-substrate complex’s

Where do mutations occur?

In the non-coding region of DNA.

Why might mutations cause no effect?

Alleles may be recessive

How can mutations make less protein?

Influence the role of RNA polymerase’s function.