Canadian History chapter 2 test

first people to come to NA after FN and when

vikings in 986one named Leif Ericsson lands on Newfoundland and establishes L'anse aux Meadows.

L'Anse aux Meadows

first European settlement in NA inhabitating for approx 3 years then discovered again in 1960

Christopher Columbus worked for who to find what

working for Spain to find Cathay

Cathay

ancient name for China

where did CC land

lands in the Caribbean, a new world

when CC founds the carribean what was the chain of events that followed

1) more explorers looking for NW passage
2) EU settlement and colonialism of N and SA
3) subjugation, mass illness, large scale death of indigenous populations in the Americas

why did the europeans want to explore

to find a new route to Asia
promise of wealth
religious conversions
technological improvements
competition

why find a new route to Asia

in 1453 Istanbul, Turkey was taken over by Ottoman Empire. Christian EU couldn't go overland trade with Asia and sailing around Africa was long and expensive and dangerous so they wanted to find a new route to the west

what promise of wealth was there

Gold and diamonds in South American, huge fish stocks in North Atlantic, land to colonize and control, Asia was profitable but could make even more in the new world

what did John cabot of England find

that his ship got "stuck" off Newfoundland in schools of fish

Martin Frobisher of England discover

discovered fools gold in northern Canada which he thought was gold

Henry Hudson

did not discover way through NA and got stuck in huge bay where his crew mutinies against him and some close associates

religious conversions

christianity drove many countries to spread faith and evangelize. conversion was seen as improving the primitive peoples lives

technological improvements

navigational techniques got better like compasss and astrolabe made ocean travel safer and easier and faster

competition

European countries desired domination. empires were being built around the world and countries did not want to get left behind

Terra Nullius

land belonging to no one

prior to Columbus what was the population of the americas

112 million in 1491 which was more than Europe at the time

after 1492 what happened to the americas population

decreases by almost 95% largely due to disease

why were europeans not dying in similar numbers as the FN were

europeans traveled so they build up immunity so when they got to NA it didn't affect as much

how would indigenous peoples view europeans

negative because they thought they were dumb because of their beards, starvation, and barrels like a squirrel

what did Samuel Champlain do in 1608

selected the location known in Algonquin as Kebec for a new colony and Quebec City is born with New France

Kebec meaning

where the river narrows

importance of Catholic Church in early NF history

prominent role, provided religious services to colonists and also tried to convert FN while assisting social needs to colony

jesuits role in early NF history

in 1625 jesuits arrived to focus on missionary work of converwsion working primarily with Frances trading partners Wendat, Algonquin, Innu jesuits lived along FN learnt their languages and cultures

ursuline nuns

arrived in 1639 and managed first schools and hospitals

how did the church pay for all services

tithe(taxes) and donations

Seigneurial System

introduced in 1627 the system of landholding in New France; king owned the land then, seigneurs were given estates and responsibilities to settle the land and oversee its administration and give a mill, manor house, help organize militia training. habitants were to harvest land, pay tithes, pay annual rent for land and volunteer a few days each year to farm seigneurs lands and be in militia

the fur trade importance to early NF history

THE economic activity in NF. beaver skin hats were popular in EU

Coureurs de Bois importance in early NF history

late 1600s French fur traders travel north and west of Quebec and traded illegally and were unlicenced and ignored agricultural life for the frontier life

what king decided to send the files de roi and when

King Louis XIV in 1663 he realized there were too few females there were 1 woman for every 6 men

how many files de roi stayed in NF and how many went originally

800 women went and around 50% stayed

how did NF force peace with some FN and what tribe were they

they sent 1,200 solders of the carignan salieres regiment in 1665 to force peace with Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) then the king offered soldiers land and supplies to anyone wanting to stay and 400 did

how did NF create a militia

in 1669 Royal decree stated all able bodied males ages 16-60 must be in militia, by end of 1600s each parish along St Lawrence river had its own militia and train monthly and defend colony and do construction

Ursuline nuns did what

created the first residential school for FN girls on silvery reserve outside Quebec City in 1637 but it didn't work because it was close to reserve so they could go home

wendat/huron controlled what

flow of furs from northern Quebec and northern Ontario to NF

how did EU benefit from trade other than the profits

learnt survival skills and techniques like snowshoes and natural medicine

what did FN benefit form trade

the technology

Samuel Champlain allied with who in the haudennosaunee wars

wendat (huron)

English allied with who in haudenosaunee wars

Haundenosaunee

when did haudneosaunee wars start

1609

how did war and feud end between wendat and hauneosaunee

1701 in great peace treaty

plants found in NA

for 1/3 of worlds diet being corn, tomatoes, potatoes, pumpkins, tobacco, peanuts, squash, avocados,chili peppers, pineapple, artichokes, various beans

pharmaceutical products found in NA

Curare (a muscle releaxant used for anaesthetic), Inchon bark, cascara sagrada, witch hazel.

1701-1713

war for Spanish succession (Spanish king died and conflict over who should be king) and it was fought in Europe and NA

what ended the Spanish war for succession

treaty of Utrecht were France gives Britain Hudsons bay, most of Newfoundland, Acadia

who are acadians

Descendants of French colonists who began settling in what are now the Maritime provinces in 1605 and were never apart of NF .

acadians were asked what in 1713

since under treat of Utrecht they are births subjects so asked to take pledge of allegiance but they would never have to fight for Britain against France

in 1754 what happens to the acadians

new English governor deadman new oath without a guarantee and acadians refused then mass explosion in 1755

1605 what happens

port royal settlement in NS by France

after mass expulsion of Acadia is ordered in 1755 what happens to land and people

homes and crop are destroyed, land later taken by British and people moved to 13 colonies specifically in Louisiana and become Cajuns

in 7 years war where was it fought in what was Britains main issue

in NA and EU and British issue was control of Ohio river valley, franc had it but 13 colonies wanted it

in 7 years war how did France and Britain get supplies

France got it form EU and Britain resupplied locally

in 1758

Ohio river was in british control and they cut off French supply ships, and UK needed to destroy newfrance but had a problem that there was lousibourg which after treaty of Utrecht French built that fort on cape Breton to protect entrance of st Lawrence

in 1759

general James wolf with 180 ships, 15,00 soldiers arrived in st Lawrence river and began a siege of Quebec City then had the battle of plains of Abraham on sept 13th where british sent troops up river at night and find a rocky cliff south of Quebec City and used. a200 ft goat path with 4,400 british troops and got to quebec and eventually destroyed Quebec City

what factors lead to the fall of New France

geography- dependent on st Lawrence river alone as access route
population- population was low and didn't develop diversified economy and only existed to serve the needs of France
territory- due to success and dependence upon fur trade NF was too large for such small population to properly defend
conflciitn gstrategy- government divided in terms of military strategy, Montcalm wanted to fight the English in a eu traditional style 'slow march' and the governor wanted to stick with same strategy being swift raids
tactical errors - Montcalm made. numerous tactical errors, when troops succeeds he didn't follow up and he was too aggressive in the end and engaged with English on plains of Abraham